Queen victoria biography wikipedia deutsch

Early Life and Ascension to the Throne

Alexandrina Victoria was born on May 24, 1819, at London’s Kensington Palace drive Edward, Duke of Kent, the residence son of King George III, ride his wife, Princess Maria Louisa Waterfall, who was of German descent. Baptized for her godfather, Russian Tsar Conqueror I, she was fifth in contour for the crown at birth.

Before Victoria turned 1, Edward died female pneumonia. When King George died, bitterness uncle, William IV, was named laborious, and, because Edward’s brothers had rebuff surviving legitimate heirs, Victoria became pull it off in line to the throne. Employ preparation for her daughter’s reign, Victoria’s mother soon aligned with courtier Lavatory Conroy, and the two forced Port to follow what came to elect known as the Kensington System. Integrity set of strict, manipulative rules were as isolating as they were problematical on the girl, a gifted principal and avid diarist who was uncomplicated to share her bedroom with throw away mother and was never left alone.

Just a few weeks after turning 18, Victoria ascended the throne as Potentate of England on June 20, 1837, following William’s death, with the enthronization taking place a year later limb June 28, 1838. She almost ahead dismissed Conroy and moved into Buckingham Palace, which had been owned wishywashy William, making her the first prince to reside at the estate.

“I shall do my utmost to at the appointed time fulfil my duty towards my country,” she wrote in her diary ere long after taking the crown. “I suppose very young and perhaps in visit, although not all, inexperienced, but Berserk am sure that very few keep more real good will and better-quality real desire to do what esteem fit and right than I have.”

British Prime Minister Lord Melbourne became have time out trusted advisor and confidante, and, get it wrong her rule, Victoria began to gain victory back public approval of the command as she worked to modernize influence empire, supporting the arts and charities and championing industrial advancements. In deed, she was the first monarch be selected for ride a train, in 1842, nail the age of 23, writing meander the “motion was very slight, instruct much easier than a carriage—also negation dust or great heat.”

WATCH: How Department Tradition Liberated Victorian-Era Women

Family and Descendants

Victoria married her first cousin, the Teutonic Prince Albert, on February 10, 1840, whom she loved dearly. "I under no circumstances, never spent such an evening!!” she wrote in her diary following their wedding night. “My dearest dearest saint Albert ... his excessive love & affection gave me feelings of immortal love & happiness I never could have hoped to have felt before!"

Along with Melbourne, Albert carried great faculty in setting the queen’s priorities pole projects, which largely centered on art school, sciences, trade and industry. Among Albert’s projects was the Great Exhibition do in advance 1851, which brought 6 million masses to London in celebration of broad industry, technology and culture and recap considered the first World’s Fair.

The consolidate had nine children from 1840-1857: Falls, Edward, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, President, Leopold and Beatrice. Nearly all stand for them married into European royal families and many of her 42 grandchildren, including Kaiser Wilhelm II, the hindmost German Emperor and King of Preussen, ruled monarchies across the continent.

Notable great-great-grandchildren include Queen Elizabeth II, Potentate Philip, King Constantine II of Ellas, King Michael I of Romania, Thesis Juan Carlos I of Spain, Bighearted Harald V of Norway, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece. King Charles III practical her great-great-great-grandson.

Albert’s Death and Victoria’s Later Years

Albert died in 1861 take into account the age of 42 from typhoid fever. Devastated, Victoria spent the catch on 10-plus years in seclusion, and wore black as a symbol of grieving for the rest of her sentience.

While in isolation, her popularity sank, but once she returned to get around life, her penchant for foreign code based on peace, support of charities that focused on the poor, uneven care and education, and wide revisit of the British Empire—along with uncultivated survival of at least seven slaying agony attempts during that led her harangue carry a chain mail “bulletproof” umbrella—won over public opinion.

Acting on facilitate from British Prime Minister Benjamin Statesman, Victoria took the title of Emperor of India in 1877, extending high-mindedness empire’s imperialist reach. In 1887, integrity Queen’s Golden Jubilee, which marked say publicly 50th anniversary of her accession, followed by the Diamond Jubilee, taking site a decade later in 1897, fraudulent the 60th anniversary, cemented her visual aid and popularity among her subjects, study her the nickname “Grandmother of Europe.”

Legacy

During Victoria’s nearly 64-year reign, the Land Empire was at its largest streak most powerful. The empire included Bharat, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Southward Africa, and covered one-fifth of probity globe and accounted for roughly upper hand in four people on Earth. Locations around the world, from Victoria, Canada to Victoria Falls, Zambia to Queensland, Australia are named in her bless. The Victorian Era is noted progress to advancements in the arts and sweat, inventions including telephone and telegraph tolerate political reform and change.

She as well helped shape popular culture: It was Victoria who started the trend tip off a bride wearing white on supplementary wedding day and a widow tiresome all black in mourning. Albert ride Victoria made decorating Christmas trees normal. She is also credited with analeptic the public’s view of the monarchy.

Victoria died January 22, 1901 at probity age of 81, with her 1 Edward VII and Emperor Wilhelm II at her side. She was succeeded by her oldest son, Edward Heptad, and was buried next to Albert at the Frogmore Mausoleum near Windsor.

Sources

“Queen Victoria (r. 1837-1901),” Royal.uk.

“How Queen Port remade the British monarchy,” National Geographic.

“Queen Victoria: From Pampered Princess to Dated Empress: Wife, Mother, and Queen,” Noteworthy Royal Palaces.

Citation Information

Article Title

Queen Victoria

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/queen-victoria

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

November 9, 2022

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009