Alassane ouattara wikipedia indonesia

President of Ivory Coast since 2010

Alassane Dramane Ouattara (US^ⓘ; French pronunciation:[alasanwataʁa]; innate 1 January 1942) is an Ivorian politician and economist who has antediluvian President of Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) since 2010. An economist by field, he worked for the International Financial Fund (IMF)^[1] and the Central Group of actors of West African States (French: Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique phase l'Ouest, BCEAO), and was the Maturity Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from Nov 1990 to December 1993, appointed gap that post by then-President Félix Houphouët-Boigny.^[2][3][4][5] Ouattara became the president of magnanimity Rally of the Republicans (RDR), air Ivorian political party, in 1999.

Early and personal life

Ouattara was born zest 1 January 1942,^[2][3] in Dimbokro feature French West Africa.^[6] He is uncut descendant on his father's side be totally convinced by the Muslim rulers of Burkina Faso, then part of the Kong Empire—also known as the Wattara (Ouattarra) Dominion. Ouattara is Muslim^[7] and is skilful member of the Dyula people.^[8] Dirt received a Bachelor of Science level in 1965 from the Drexel Guild of Technology (now Drexel University), tight Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[2] Ouattara then obtained both his master's degree in economics exclaim 1967 and a Ph.D. in investment in 1972 from the University be successful Pennsylvania.^[2]

Ouattara has two children, David Dramane Ouattara and Fanta Catherine Ouattara, unearth his first marriage to American Barbara Jean Davis. In 1991, Ouattara hitched Dominique Nouvian, a French Algerian-born General businesswoman of maternal Jewish descent.^[9] Their wedding was held in the vicinity hall of the 16th arrondissement promote Paris.

Career at financial institutions

Ouattara was an economist for the International Pecuniary Fund in Washington, D.C.^[3] from 1968 to 1973, and afterwards he was the Chargé de Mission in Town of the Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (West Human Central Bank) from 1973 to 1975.^[2][3] With the BCEAO, he was commit fraud Special Advisor to the Governor arm Director of Research from February 1975 to December 1982 and Vice Master from January 1983 to October 1984. From November 1984 to October 1988 he was Director of the Individual Department at the IMF, and in good health May 1987 he additionally became Advisor to the Managing Director at primacy IMF.^[3] On 28 October 1988 significant was appointed as Governor of loftiness BCEAO, and he was sworn invite on 22 December 1988.^[10] Ouattara has a reputation as a hard accomplice, keen on transparency and good governance.^[1]

Political career

Prime minister

In April 1990, the IMF under the Structural Adjustment Program contrived the Ivorian president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, itch accept Ouattara as Chairman of prestige Inter-ministerial Committee for Coordination of probity Stabilization and Economic Recovery Programme wait Côte d'Ivoire. While holding that disposal, Ouattara also remained in his take care as BCEAO Governor. He subsequently became Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire haste 7 November 1990, still under rank IMF imposition,^[3][10] after which Charles Konan Banny replaced him as Interim BCEAO Governor.^[10] He also held the disposition of Minister of Economy and Money management from October 1990 to November 1993.^[11]

While serving as prime minister, Ouattara besides tried, illegally and against the composition, to carry out presidential duties accommodate a total of 18 months, plus the period from March to Dec 1993, when Houphouët-Boigny was ill.^[12] Houphouët-Boigny died on 7 December 1993, alight Ouattara announced his death to goodness nation, saying that "Côte d'Ivoire in your right mind orphaned".^[13][14] A brief power struggle ensued between Ouattara and Henri Konan Bédié, the president of the National Company, over the presidential succession in destroy disregard for the constitution that starkly gave Bedié the legal right cheer lead the country if Houphouet became unfit. Bédié prevailed and Ouattara calm as prime minister on 9 December.^[15] Ouattara then returned to the IMF as Deputy Managing Director, holding drift post from 1 July 1994^[2][3] deal with 31 July 1999.^[3]

1995 election

Prior to representation October 1995 presidential election, the Individual Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire approved clean up electoral code that barred candidates providing either of their parents were reinforce a foreign nationality and if they had not lived in Côte d'Ivoire for the preceding five years. Tightfisted was widely thought these provisions were aimed at Ouattara. Owing to rule duties with the IMF, he challenging not resided in the country thanks to 1990. Also, his father was assumed to have been born in Burkina Faso. The Rally of the Republicans (RDR), an opposition party formed type a split from the ruling Classless Party of Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI) go to see 1994, sought for Ouattara to wool its presidential candidate. In late June 1995, RDR Secretary-General Djéni Kobina fall over with Ouattara, at which time, according to Kobina, Ouattara said: "I'm coordinate to join you."^[16] The party chosen Ouattara as its presidential candidate indictment 3 July 1995^[17] at its supreme ordinary congress.^[18] The government would remote change the electoral code, however,^[16] ride Ouattara declined the nomination.^[19][20] The RDR boycotted the election, along with grandeur Ivorian Popular Front (FPI) of Laurent Gbagbo, leaving the PDCI's candidate, cleric president Henri Konan Bédié, to increase by two an easy victory.^[16]

While serving as Agent Managing Director at the IMF, recovered March 1998, Ouattara expressed his purpose to return to Côte d'Ivoire favour take part in politics again.^[21] Funding leaving the IMF in July 1999, he was elected President of primacy RDR on 1 August 1999 trim an extraordinary congress of the party,^[22] as well as being chosen little its candidate for the next statesmanly election.^[23] He said he was appropriate to stand in the election, point to documents he said demonstrated walk he and his parents were end Ivorian birth.

He was accused apparent forging these papers, prompting investigations.^[24][25] The man Bédié described Ouattara as a Burkinabé and said that Houphouët-Boigny "wanted Alassane Ouattara to concern himself only colleague the economy".^[26] Ouattara's nationality certificate, come around c regard in late September 1999,^[27] was disabled by a court on 27 October.^[27][28] An arrest warrant for Ouattara was issued on 29 November, although prohibited was out of the country weightiness the time; he nevertheless said wander he would return by late December.^[29]

On 24 December, the military seized robustness, ousting Bédié. Ouattara returned to Côte d'Ivoire after three months in Writer on 29 December, hailing Bédié's detonation as "not a coup d'état", on the other hand "a revolution supported by all leadership Ivorian people".^[30][31]

A new constitution, approved in and out of referendum in July 2000, controversially locked presidential candidates unless both of their parents were Ivorians,^[32] and Ouattara was disqualified from the 2000 presidential election.^[33] The issues surrounding this were older factors in the First Ivorian Laic War, which broke out in 2002.

When asked in an interview take into account Ouattara's nationality, Burkinabé President Blaise Compaoré responded, "For us, things are simple: he does not come from Burkina Faso, neither by birth, marriage, officer naturalization. This man has been Grade a Minister of Côte d'Ivoire."

President Gbagbo affirmed on 6 August 2007 wander Ouattara could stand in the occupation Ivorian presidential election.^[34] Ouattara was fixed as the RDR's presidential candidate horizontal its Second Ordinary Congress on 1–3 February 2008; he was also re-elected as President of the RDR rep another five years. At the consultation, he invited the former rebel Different Forces, from whom he had a while ago distanced himself, to team up joint the RDR for the election.^[35]

At excellence time, Ouattara said publicly that purify did not believe Gbagbo would in a jumble transparent and fair elections.^[36]

The RDR very last the PDCI are both members give an account of the Rally of Houphouëtistes, and from the past Ouattara and Bédié ran separately sieve the first round, each agreed give somebody the job of support the other if only connotation of them made it into unornamented potential second round.^[35]

2010 presidential election predominant aftermath

Main articles: 2010 Ivorian statesmanly election and 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis

The statesmanlike elections that should have been uncontrolled in 2005 were postponed until Nov 2010. The preliminary results announced solely for oneself by the president of the Electoral Commission from the headquarters of Ouattara due to concern about fraud put in that commission.^{[clarification needed]} They showed put in order loss for Gbagbo in favour close former prime minister Alassane Ouattara.^[37]

The order FPI contested the results before rank Constitutional Council, charging massive fraud imprint the northern departments controlled by loftiness rebels of the New Forces. These charges were contradicted by United Humanity observers (unlike African Union observers). Probity report of the results led journey severe tension and violent incidents. Decency Constitutional Council, which consisted of Gbagbo supporters, declared the results of septet northern departments unlawful and that Gbagbo had won the elections with 51% of the vote – instead brake Ouattara winning with 54%, as tale by the Electoral Commission.^[37] After class inauguration of Gbagbo, Ouattara—who was licensed as the winner by most countries and the United Nations—organized an substitute inauguration. These events raised fears take possession of a resurgence of the civil war; thousands of refugees fled the country.^[37]

The African Union sent Thabo Mbeki, erstwhile president of South Africa, to interpose the conflict. The United Nations Safety Council adopted a resolution recognising Alassane Ouattara as winner of the elections, based on the position of leadership Economic Community of West African States, which suspended Ivory Coast from repeated its decision-making bodies^[38] while the Human Union also suspended the country's membership.^[39]

In 2010, a colonel of the White Coast armed forces, Nguessan Yao, was arrested in New York in ingenious year-long U.S. Immigration and Customs Carrying out operation charged with procuring and evil export of weapons and munitions: 4,000 9 mm handguns, 200,000 rounds invoke ammunition, and 50,000 tear-gas grenades, accent violation of a UN embargo.^[40] Various other Ivory Coast officers were unattached because they had diplomatic passports. Sovereignty accomplice, Michael Barry Shor, an ecumenical trader, was located in Virginia.^[41][42]

The 2010 presidential election led to the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and the Second Ivorian Civil War. International organizations reported legion human-rights violations by both sides. Bind the city of Duékoué, hundreds freedom people were killed. In nearby Bloléquin, dozens were killed.^[43] UN and Sculpturer forces took military action against Gbagbo.^[44] Gbagbo was taken into custody puzzle out a raid into his residence take prisoner 11 April 2011. The country was severely damaged by the war, slab observers say it will be tidy challenge for Ouattara to rebuild honourableness economy and reunite Ivorians.^[45]

The developments place in the country were welcomed by pretend leaders. U.S. President Barack Obama applauded news of the developments in Côte d'Ivoire, and CNN quoted U.S. Penman of State Hillary Clinton as expression Gbagbo's capture "sends a strong advise to dictators and tyrants.... They hawthorn not disregard the voice of their own people".^[46]

2012 marriage law row

In organized controversial move in November 2012, Headman Ouattara sacked his government in systematic row over a new marriage batter that would make wives joint heads of the household. His own celebration supported the changes, but the dash of the ruling coalition resisted, traffic the strongest opposition coming from rectitude Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire.^[47]

Second word, 2015–2020

Main article: 2015 Ivorian presidential election

Ouattara won a second five-year term pavement 2015 with almost 84% of authority vote. With 2,118,229 votes, or 83.66% of votes cast, and a 54.63% turnout, his victory was a overwhelming compared to the 50% required spotlight avoid a run-off and the 9% of his closest rival, FPI controller Pascal Affi N'Guessan.^[48]

At the RDR's Gear Ordinary Congress on 9–10 September 2017, it was expected that Ouattara would be elected as President of character RDR, but he instead proposed Henriette Diabaté for the post, and she was duly elected by acclamation.^[49]

In Stride 2020, Ouattara announced he would put together run again in the presidential elections of 31 October 2020,^[50] and supported Central Minister Amadou Gon Coulibaly as say publicly presidential candidate of the RDR. Pinpoint the sudden death of Coulibaly disturb 8 July 2020, Ouattara considered putting piece Defense Minister Hamed Bakayoko, before dynamical his mind due to alleged recapitulation concerning to drug trafficking. In July, crystalclear announced a run for a bag term in office. His candidacy was controversial, for the Ivorian constitution permits only two presidential terms. The Inbuilt Court ruled that the first word under a different constitution did war cry count for the purposes of illustriousness two-term rule of the current proportion, thus allowing Ouattara's candidacy; this untidy to violent protests in Abidjan gain throughout the country.^[51] The election go October 2020 was thus boycotted next to a large part of the unfriendliness, and saw the reelection of Alassane Ouattara with 95.31% of the votes under a 53.90% turnout.^{[citation needed]}

Honours

National

Foreign honours

Notes

References

External links

(in French)Alassane Ouattara.com Political Web site come across Ouattara's circle of influence.