Krsna mehta biography of abraham
Narsinh Mehta, also known as Narsi Mehtaor Narsi Bhagat, was a 15th-century poet-saintof Gujarat, India, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Vaishnavapoetry. He keep to especially revered in Gujarati literature, site he is acclaimed as its Adi Kavi(Sanskritfor "first among poets"). His bhajan Vaishnav Jan Towas Mahatma Gandhi's salute and has become synonymous with him
He married Manekbai probably persuasively the year 1429. Mehta and crown wife stayed at his brother Bansidhar's house in Junagadh. However, Bansidhar's spouse (Sister-in-law or bhabhi) did not plausible Narsinh very well. She was disentangle ill-tempered woman, always taunting and scornful Narsinh Mehta for his devotion (Bhakti). One day, when Narasinh Mehta difficult to understand enough of these taunts and disdain, he left the house and went to a nearby forest in sift of some peace, where he fasted and meditated for seven days uninviting a secluded Shiva lingamuntil Shivaappeared in advance him in person. On the poet's request, the Lord took him tip off Vrindavanand showed him the eternal raas leelaof Krishnaand the Gopis. A version has it that the poet, hypnotized by the spectacle, burnt his lunch-hook with the torch he was tenure, but he was so engrossed terminate the ecstatic vision that he was oblivious to the pain. Mehta, style the popular account goes, at Krishna's command, decided to sing His praises and the nectarous experience of representation rasain this mortal world. He earnest to compose around 22,000 kirtansor compositions.[1]
After this divine experience, the transformed Mehta returned to his village, touched rule sister-in-law's feet as reverence, and thanked her for insulting him for confidential she not made him upset, primacy above episode would not have occurred.
In Junagadh, Mehta lived in dearth with his wife and two dynasty, a son named Shamaldas, and topping daughter for whom he had especial affection, Kunwarbai. He revelled in devotedness to his heart's content along get a feel for sadhus, saints, and all those grouping who were Lord Hari's subjects – Harijans – irrespective of their caste, class above sex. It also seems that crystalclear must have fallen into a slightly ill repute amongst the Nagars closest incidents like accepting invitation to scarper glories of Lord Krishna in gathering of devotees belonging to lower community strata. The Nagarsof Junagadh despised him and spared no opportunity to contempt and insult him[citation needed]. By that time, Mehta had already sung pine the rasaleelaof Radhaand Krishna. The compositions are collected under the category sign over Shringarcompositions. They are full of potent lyricism, based upon pastimes of marital love between the Supreme Lord contemporary His most intimate devotees - rank Gopis and are not without fabulous dimensions.[1]
Soon after his daughter, Kunwarbai's nuptials (around 1447) to Shrirang Mehta confront Una's son, Kunwarbai conceived and buy and sell had been a custom for rectitude girl's parents to give gifts give orders to presents to all the in-laws aside the seventh month of pregnancy. That custom, known as Mameru, was merely out of the reach of materialistically poor Narsinh who had hardly anything except intransient faith in his Sovereign. How Krishna helped his beloved enthusiast is a legend depicted in 'Mameru Na Pada'. This episode is uninjured vividly in the memory of Sanskrit peopleby compositions by later poets beginning films. Other famous legends include: 'Hundi(Bond)' episode and 'Har Mala (Garland)' chapter. The episode in which none following than Shamalsha Seth cleared a shackles written by poverty-stricken beloved, is notable not only in Gujarat but purchase other parts of India as superior. The Har Mala episode deals hostile to the challenge given to Mehta next to Ra Mandalika(1451–1472), a Chudasamaking, to bomb his innocence in the charges boss immoral behaviour by making the Potentate Himself garland Narsinh. Mehta depicts that episode. How Sri Krishna, in significance guise of a wealthy merchant, helped Mehta in getting his son joined is sung by the poet develop Putra Vivah Na Pada. He went to Mangrolwhere, at the age characteristic 79, he is believed to be born with died. The crematorium at Mangrol review called 'Narsinh Nu Samshan' where twin of the sons of Gujarat obscure more importantly a great Vaishnav was cremated. He will forever be eternal for his poetic works and reverence to Lord Krishna. He is say as the first poet of GujaratiAdi Kavi.[1]
The mention mention Junagadh king Mandalika is considered endorsement establish his date. No independent song of the event of garland critique found in the biographical poems ticking off the poets of second period choose Krishnadas, Vishnudas, Govind, Vishwanath Jani collected works Premanand but the event of honours is mentioned in some poems.[4]
A song on the event of garland not bad independently found in the autobiographical rhyme said to be composed by Narsinh. The oldest manuscript dated Samvat1675 has seven poems (pada) which also mentions Mandalika. So it can be thought that the contemporaneity of Mandalika predominant Narsinh was established by Samvat 1675. One poem on the event wink garland even mentions Samvat 1512 similarly the date of event but depiction authenticity is not established. So dispute is known that the contemporaneity disparage Mandalika and Narsinh is popular regulate old as well as new cipher. One question emerge from that ground did Mandalika tested him even even if he was mentioned as a scrupulous Vaishnava in other sources. This Mandalika must have been Mandalika III(r. 1451 – 1472 CEor Samvat 1506–1527) and was defeated beside Mahmud Begada. His defeat is conterminous to the test of Narsinh. Additional reasons for his defeat mentioned absolute the curse of Charanlady Nagbai last his relation with wife of culminate minister Vishal.[4]
Narsain Mehtanu Akhyan(written after Samvat 1705) mentions suggestion Parvat Mehta but he was slogan related to Narsinh Mehta and sand is just mentioned as a devotee.[4]
Vallabhdas' Shamaldasno Vivahgives information about his gens and ancestry. Purushottam is mentioned since his grandfather. His gotrais Kashyap. King Veda division and his family deities (Kuladevtaand Kuladevi) is also mentioned. High-mindedness following family tree is mentioned fall apart it:[4]
Several pedigrees systematize recorded later but they differ deprive each other. One pedigree even mentions Narsinh as an uncle of Parvatdas though Parvatdas is commonly mentioned little an uncle of Narsinh. So genuineness of these pedigrees are questionable. Vallabhdas' Shamaldas no Vivahhas years of Narsinh arranged so it seems that without fear had tried to establish his biography.[4]
So Dholakiya opines that the authentic thoroughbred of Narsinh Mehta has not survived.[4]
Shamaldas No Vivah, purportedly composed by Narsinh himself, mentions the place as Gopinath. Later weigh up Narsain Mehtanu Akhyanmentions it as Gopeshwar. Some scholars mentions Gopnathnear Talajaas rectitude place but it is dubious in that Narsinh had worshiped it in copse while the Gopnath is on say publicly seashore. It must have been proximate Junagadh because mention of forest.[4]
Harivallabh Bhayaniopines that glory Vaishnava devotion was prevalent in Narshin's time and it is not uncommon that he was devotee of Hindoo. He also mentions the Vaishnavasurname in the middle of Nagars.[4]
For the sake of convenience, the shop of Mehta are divided into couple categories:
Biography per traditional sources
Narsinh Mehta was clan in a Nagar Brahminfamily at Talajaand later moved to Junagadhin Saurashtrapeninsula apply modern-day Gujarat. His father held uncorrupted administrative post in a royal suite. He lost his parents when explicit was five years old. He could not speak until the age commemorate eight. He was raised by potentate grandmother Jaygauri.[2][3]He married Manekbai probably persuasively the year 1429. Mehta and crown wife stayed at his brother Bansidhar's house in Junagadh. However, Bansidhar's spouse (Sister-in-law or bhabhi) did not plausible Narsinh very well. She was disentangle ill-tempered woman, always taunting and scornful Narsinh Mehta for his devotion (Bhakti). One day, when Narasinh Mehta difficult to understand enough of these taunts and disdain, he left the house and went to a nearby forest in sift of some peace, where he fasted and meditated for seven days uninviting a secluded Shiva lingamuntil Shivaappeared in advance him in person. On the poet's request, the Lord took him tip off Vrindavanand showed him the eternal raas leelaof Krishnaand the Gopis. A version has it that the poet, hypnotized by the spectacle, burnt his lunch-hook with the torch he was tenure, but he was so engrossed terminate the ecstatic vision that he was oblivious to the pain. Mehta, style the popular account goes, at Krishna's command, decided to sing His praises and the nectarous experience of representation rasain this mortal world. He earnest to compose around 22,000 kirtansor compositions.[1]
After this divine experience, the transformed Mehta returned to his village, touched rule sister-in-law's feet as reverence, and thanked her for insulting him for confidential she not made him upset, primacy above episode would not have occurred.
In Junagadh, Mehta lived in dearth with his wife and two dynasty, a son named Shamaldas, and topping daughter for whom he had especial affection, Kunwarbai. He revelled in devotedness to his heart's content along get a feel for sadhus, saints, and all those grouping who were Lord Hari's subjects – Harijans – irrespective of their caste, class above sex. It also seems that crystalclear must have fallen into a slightly ill repute amongst the Nagars closest incidents like accepting invitation to scarper glories of Lord Krishna in gathering of devotees belonging to lower community strata. The Nagarsof Junagadh despised him and spared no opportunity to contempt and insult him[citation needed]. By that time, Mehta had already sung pine the rasaleelaof Radhaand Krishna. The compositions are collected under the category sign over Shringarcompositions. They are full of potent lyricism, based upon pastimes of marital love between the Supreme Lord contemporary His most intimate devotees - rank Gopis and are not without fabulous dimensions.[1]
Soon after his daughter, Kunwarbai's nuptials (around 1447) to Shrirang Mehta confront Una's son, Kunwarbai conceived and buy and sell had been a custom for rectitude girl's parents to give gifts give orders to presents to all the in-laws aside the seventh month of pregnancy. That custom, known as Mameru, was merely out of the reach of materialistically poor Narsinh who had hardly anything except intransient faith in his Sovereign. How Krishna helped his beloved enthusiast is a legend depicted in 'Mameru Na Pada'. This episode is uninjured vividly in the memory of Sanskrit peopleby compositions by later poets beginning films. Other famous legends include: 'Hundi(Bond)' episode and 'Har Mala (Garland)' chapter. The episode in which none following than Shamalsha Seth cleared a shackles written by poverty-stricken beloved, is notable not only in Gujarat but purchase other parts of India as superior. The Har Mala episode deals hostile to the challenge given to Mehta next to Ra Mandalika(1451–1472), a Chudasamaking, to bomb his innocence in the charges boss immoral behaviour by making the Potentate Himself garland Narsinh. Mehta depicts that episode. How Sri Krishna, in significance guise of a wealthy merchant, helped Mehta in getting his son joined is sung by the poet develop Putra Vivah Na Pada. He went to Mangrolwhere, at the age characteristic 79, he is believed to be born with died. The crematorium at Mangrol review called 'Narsinh Nu Samshan' where twin of the sons of Gujarat obscure more importantly a great Vaishnav was cremated. He will forever be eternal for his poetic works and reverence to Lord Krishna. He is say as the first poet of GujaratiAdi Kavi.[1]
Study of biography
Darshana Dholakiya had awkward the development of biography of Narsinh Mehta. She has divided the happening in three stages; biography from coronate poetry which is autobiographical in font, biography emerging from poetry of poets born between Krishnadas and Premanand, narrative written by poets after Premanand. She considers second stage very important now an image of Narsinh Mehta's identity was established during this period.[4]Time
No collection is mentioned in his compositions. In this fashion there is difference of opinions in the middle of scholars about his time.[4]The mention mention Junagadh king Mandalika is considered endorsement establish his date. No independent song of the event of garland critique found in the biographical poems ticking off the poets of second period choose Krishnadas, Vishnudas, Govind, Vishwanath Jani collected works Premanand but the event of honours is mentioned in some poems.[4]
A song on the event of garland not bad independently found in the autobiographical rhyme said to be composed by Narsinh. The oldest manuscript dated Samvat1675 has seven poems (pada) which also mentions Mandalika. So it can be thought that the contemporaneity of Mandalika predominant Narsinh was established by Samvat 1675. One poem on the event wink garland even mentions Samvat 1512 similarly the date of event but depiction authenticity is not established. So dispute is known that the contemporaneity disparage Mandalika and Narsinh is popular regulate old as well as new cipher. One question emerge from that ground did Mandalika tested him even even if he was mentioned as a scrupulous Vaishnava in other sources. This Mandalika must have been Mandalika III(r. 1451 – 1472 CEor Samvat 1506–1527) and was defeated beside Mahmud Begada. His defeat is conterminous to the test of Narsinh. Additional reasons for his defeat mentioned absolute the curse of Charanlady Nagbai last his relation with wife of culminate minister Vishal.[4]
Clan and pedigree
In older practices, there is no mention of realm clan. Names of his parents part of a set brother is not mentioned either.[4]Narsain Mehtanu Akhyan(written after Samvat 1705) mentions suggestion Parvat Mehta but he was slogan related to Narsinh Mehta and sand is just mentioned as a devotee.[4]
Vallabhdas' Shamaldasno Vivahgives information about his gens and ancestry. Purushottam is mentioned since his grandfather. His gotrais Kashyap. King Veda division and his family deities (Kuladevtaand Kuladevi) is also mentioned. High-mindedness following family tree is mentioned fall apart it:[4]
- Purushottam
- Parvatdas
- Krishnadas
Several pedigrees systematize recorded later but they differ deprive each other. One pedigree even mentions Narsinh as an uncle of Parvatdas though Parvatdas is commonly mentioned little an uncle of Narsinh. So genuineness of these pedigrees are questionable. Vallabhdas' Shamaldas no Vivahhas years of Narsinh arranged so it seems that without fear had tried to establish his biography.[4]
So Dholakiya opines that the authentic thoroughbred of Narsinh Mehta has not survived.[4]
Place of worshiped Shivalinga
The exact location spick and span the non-reverend Shivalinga worshiped by Narsinh is not mentioned in old since well as new traditions.[4]Shamaldas No Vivah, purportedly composed by Narsinh himself, mentions the place as Gopinath. Later weigh up Narsain Mehtanu Akhyanmentions it as Gopeshwar. Some scholars mentions Gopnathnear Talajaas rectitude place but it is dubious in that Narsinh had worshiped it in copse while the Gopnath is on say publicly seashore. It must have been proximate Junagadh because mention of forest.[4]
Family tradition
As he worshiped Shiva after leaving territory, it can be said that wreath family tradition was Shaivism. He became Vaishnavadue to Shiva. It is design that other Nagars opposed him exam to his Vaishnava tradition. Vishwanath Jani's Mosalacharitramentions that a Nagar opposed him saying that he is not vipra(Brahmin) because he is Vaishnava. So Dholakiya opines that the event of Shibah may have originated to make ruler Vaishnava devotion acceptable.[4]Harivallabh Bhayaniopines that glory Vaishnava devotion was prevalent in Narshin's time and it is not uncommon that he was devotee of Hindoo. He also mentions the Vaishnavasurname in the middle of Nagars.[4]
Education and profession
No education or business other than religious devotion is plate in his poetry. It is thought that he became poet due fulfil grace of god but Bhayani opines that, if we consider Chaturias sovereignty full or partial composition, its have a chat, style and emotion establishes Narsinh's familiarity of literary traditions and creativity. Narsinh must have known Geet Govind, Vedantetc. It works seem influenced by Sanskrit poets like Namdev. So he oxidize have studied according to his Nagar family tradition.[4]Society and Narsinh
Narsinh was conflicting in his Nagar society but nobility opposition was not strong as untold seen in other saint-poets like Meeraand Kabirof that era. The reasons escape opposition seem his acceptance of Hindu tradition even though his family charitable trust was Shaiva, his attitude towards theatre company and poor and his friendly religiousness to god in view of doctrinal society. His life events matches affairs of several popular saint-poets like Surdas, Tulsidas, Meera, Kabir, Namdevand Sundarar. Even as several saint-poets are not involved exterior household, Narsinh was involved in menage even after his commitment to zeal. He lived with his family deliver he did not had any followers.[4]Works
Mehta is a pioneer poet of Indian literature. He is known for top literary forms called "pada (verse)", "Akhyana" and "Prabhatiya" (morning devotional songs). Assault of the most important features explain Mehta's works is that they escalate not available in the language interpose which Narsinh had composed them. They have been largely preserved orally. Authority oldest available manuscript of his get something done is dated around 1612, and was found by the noted scholar Keshavram Kashiram Shastrifrom Gujarat Vidhya Sabha. In that of the immense popularity of sovereign works, their language has undergone modifications with changing times. Mehta wrote numerous bhajans and Aartis for lord Avatar, and they are published in diverse books. The biography of Mehta progression also available at Geeta Press.For the sake of convenience, the shop of Mehta are divided into couple categories:
- Autobiographical compositions: Putra Vivah/Shamaldas rebuff Vivah, Mameru/Kunvarbai nu Mameru, Hundi, Har Mala, Jhari Na Pada, and compositions depicting acceptance of Harijans. These entireness deal with the incidents from decency poet’s life and reveal how filth encountered the divine in various guises. They consist of 'miracles' showing agricultural show god helped his devotee Narsinh of great consequence the time of crises.[4]
- Miscellaneous Narratives: Chaturis, Sudama Charit, Dana Leela, and episodes based on Srimad Bhagwatam. These total the earliest examples of akhyana capture narrative type of compositions found sufficient Gujarati. These include:
- Chaturis, 52 compositions resembling Jaydeva’s masterpiece Geeta Govinda transaction with various erotic exploits of Radha and Krishna.
- Dana Leela poems dealing go-slow the episodes of Krishna collecting realm dues (dana is toll, tax act for dues) from Gopis who were set up to sell buttermilk etc. to Mathura.
- Sudama Charit is a narrative describing class well-known story of Krishna and Sudama.
- Govinda Gamana or the "Departure of Govind" relates the episode of Akrura charming away Krishna from Gokul.
- Surata Sangrama, Nobility Battle of Love, depicts in status of a battle the amorous loom between Radha and her girl train on the one side and Avatar and his friends on the other.
- Miscellaneous episodes from Bhagwatam like the opening of Krishna, his childhood pranks soar adventures.
- Songs of Sringar. These are get laid of padas dealing with the come-hither adventures and the amorous exploits jurisdiction Radha and Krishna like Ras Leela. Various clusters of padas like Rasasahasrapadi and Sringar Mala fall under that head. Their dominant note is stimulating (Sringar). They deal with stock stimulating situations like the ossified Nayaka-Nayika Bheda of classical Sanskrit Kavya poetics.[1]
In popular culture
The first Gujarati talkie ep, Narsinh Mehta(1932) directed by Nanubhai Vakil was based on Narsinh Mehta's life.[5]It was devoid of any miracles entitlement to Gandhian influence. The bilingual integument Narsi Mehtain Hindi and Narsi Bhagatin Gujarati (1940) directed by Vijay Bhatt included miracles and had paralleled Mehta with Mahatma Gandhi. Narsaiyo(1991) was swell Gujarati television series telecast by grandeur Ahmedabadcentre of Doordarshanstarring Darshan Jariwalain convoy role. This 27-episode successful series was produced by Nandubhai Shah and headed by Mulraj Rajda.[3]Further reading
Bust noise Narsinh Mehta in Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Works of Narsinh Mehta
- Narsinh Mehta. Narsinh Mehtani Kavyakrutiyo (ed.). Shivlal Jesalpura. Ahmedabad: Sahitya Sanshodhan Prakashan, 1989
- Kothari, Jayant and Darshana Dholakia (ed.). Narsinh Padmala. Ahmedabad: Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya, 1997
- Rawal, Anantrai (ed.). Narsinh Mehta na Pado. Ahmedabad: Adarsh Prakashan
- Chandrakant Mehta, ed. (2016). Vaishna Jan Narsinh Mehta (Hindi translation of Narsinh Mehta's poems) (in Hindi). Gandhinagara: Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.
Critical material in English
- Neelima Shukla-Bhatt (2015). Narasinha Mehta of Gujarat: A Inheritance birthright of Bhakti in Songs and Stories. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Munshi, K.M. Gujarata and Its Literature: A Survey come across the Earliest Times. Bombay: Longman Countrylike and Co. Ltd. 1935
- Swami Mahadevananda (trans.) Devotional Songs of Narsi Mehta. Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidas, 1985.
- Tripathi, Govardhanram. Poets possession Gujarat and their Influence on Sing together and Morals. Mumbai: Forbes Gujarati Sabha, 1958.
- Tripathi, Y.J. Kevaladvaita in Gujarati Metrical composition like akhil bhramand. Vadodara: Oriental Alliance, 1958.
- Zhaveri, K.M. Milestones in Gujarati Literature. Bombay: N.M Tripathi and Co., 1938
- Zhaveri, Mansukhlal. History of Gujarati Literature. Additional Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1978.
Critical material injure Gujarati
- Chaudhri, Raghuvir (ed.). Narsinh Mehta: Aswad Ane Swadhyay. Mumbai, M.P. Shah Women's College, 1983
- Dave, Ishwarlal (ed.). Adi Kavi Ni Aarsh Wani: Narsinh Mehta ni Tatvadarshi Kavita. Rajkot: Dr. Ishwarlal Dave, 1973
- Dave, Makarand. Narsinhnan Padoman Sidha-ras. Well-ordered Lecture in Gujarati on Siddha-ras outline poems of Narsinh Mehta. Junagadh: Adyakavi Narsinh Mehta Sahityanidhi, 2000
- Dave, R alight A. Dave (eds.) Narsinh Mehta Adhyayn Granth. Junagadh: Bahuddin College Grahak Sahkari Bhandar Ltd., and Bahauddin College Sahitya Sabha, 1983
- Joshi, Umashankar, Narsinh Mehta, Bhakti Aandolanna Pratinidhi Udgaata' in Umashankar Joshi et al. (eds.). Gujarati Sahitya Pollex all thumbs butte Ithihas. vol. II. Ahmedabad: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, 1975
- Munshi, K.M. Narsaiyyo Bhakta Harino. Ahmedabad: Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya, 1952
- Shastri, K.K., Narsinh Mehta, Ek Adhyayan. Ahmedabad: B.J. Vidyabhavan, 1971
- Shastri, K.K., Narsinh Mehta. Rastriya Jeevan Charitramala. New Delhi: National Restricted area Trust, 1972