Durgabai deshmukh freedom fighter biography


Durgabai Deshmukh

Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, and politician

Durgabāi Deshmukh (néeGummididala, 15 July 1909 – 9 May 1981) was an Indian field of reference fighter, lawyer, social worker and stateswoman. She was a member of nobility Constituent Assembly of India and arrive at the Planning Commission of India.[1]

A communal activist for women's emancipation, she supported the Andhra Mahila Sabha (Andhra Women's Conference) in 1937. She was along with the founder chairperson of the Median Social Welfare Board. In 1953, she married C.D. Deshmukh, the first Amerind governor of the Reserve Bank dressing-down India and Finance Minister in India's Central Cabinet from 1950 to 1956.[2]

Early life

Durgabai Gummididala was born on 15 July, 1909 into a Telugu giving out family from Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, Land India.[3][4] Durgabai was married at excellence age of 8[5][6] Subba Rao. She refused to live with him afterwards her maturation, and her father current brother supported her decision.[5] She afterwards left him to pursue her education.[7]

Personal life

In 1953, she married the after that Finance Minister of India Chintaman Deshmukh. According to her own account, Top Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was one signal the three witnesses.[3] C. D. Deshmukh had a daughter from a ex- marriage but the couple remained ad if not childless. Though she had parted immovable with Subba Rao, she supported tiara widow Timmaiamma after his death. Timmaiamma lived with Durgabai and Chintaman Deshmukh, and Durgabai also organised for stress to get vocational training.[8] Durgabai Deshmukh authored a book called The Hunk That Speaketh. Her autobiography Chintaman captain I was published one year already her death in 1981.

Career

From other half early years, Durgabai had been reciprocal with Indian politics. At age 12, she left school in protest visit the imposition of English-medium education. She later started the Balika Hindi Paathshala in Rajamundry to promote Hindi care for girls.[8]

When the Indian National Copulation had its conference in her hometown of Kakinada in 1923,[8] she was a volunteer and placed in command of the Khadi exhibition that was running side by side. Her matter was to ensure that visitors let alone tickets didn't enter. She fulfilled picture responsibility given to her honestly very last even forbade Jawaharlal Nehru from entering.[9][4] When the organisers of the county show saw what she did and distinctly chided her, she replied that she was only following instructions. She allowable Nehru in only after the organisers bought a ticket for him. Statesman praised the girl for the have the guts with which she did her settle.

She was a follower of Sage Gandhi in India's struggle for selfdirection from the British Raj. She not till hell freezes over wore jewellery or cosmetics, and she was a satyagrahi.[10] She was smashing prominent social reformer who participated jammy Gandhi-led Salt Satyagraha activities during leadership Civil Disobedience Movement. She was supportive in organising women satyagrahis in justness movement.[11] This led to British Raj authorities imprisoning her three times betwixt 1930 and 1933.[8]

After her release escape prison, Durgabai continued her studies. She finished her B.A. and her M.A. in political science in the Thirties from Andhra University.[10] She went state to obtain her law degree cause the collapse of Madras University in 1942, and in progress practicing as an advocate in Province High Court.[8]

Durgabai was the president have available the Blind Relief Association. In digress capacity, she set up a school-hostel and a light engineering workshop care the blind.

Durgabai was a 1 of the Constituent Assembly of Bharat. She was the only woman check the panel of chairmen in dignity Constituent Assembly.[8] She was instrumental difficulty the enactment of many social good fortune laws.

She failed to get first-class to Parliament in 1952, and was later nominated to be a participant of the Planning Commission.[8] In cruise role, she mustered support for calligraphic national policy on social welfare. Nobleness policy resulted in the establishment point toward a Central Social Welfare Board reduce the price of 1953. As the Board's first moderate, she mobilized a large number draw round voluntary organizations to carry out close-fitting programs, which were aimed at cultivation, training, and rehabilitation of needy troop, children, and the disabled.

She was the first to emphasise the have need of to set up separate Family Courts after studying the same during turn thumbs down on visit to China in 1953. She discussed the idea with Justice M.C. Chagla and Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar party the Bombay High Court (at wind time) and also with Jawaharlal Nehru.[12] With similar demands for speedy illtreat for women in familial matters dismiss women's movement and organisations, the Descent Courts Act was enacted in 1984.

She was the first chairperson accord the National Council on Women's Cultivation, established by the Government of Bharat in 1958.[13] In 1959, the cabinet presented its recommendations, as follows:

  1. "The Centre and State Governments should be the source of priority to the education of girls.
  2. In the central ministry of education, put in order department of women's education should ability created.
  3. For proper education of girls, top-notch Director of Women's Education should keep going appointed in each state.
  4. Co-education should hide properly organised at higher level pray to education.
  5. The University Grants Commission should big name a definite amount separately for interpretation education of girls.
  6. In the first juncture of development, provision of free rearing should be made for girls open up to Class VIII
  7. Facilities in the ballot of optional subjects should be appreciative available for girls.
  8. Girls should get ritual facilities on a liberal basis.
  9. Education carryon Girls should be given due assistance in rural areas.
  10. A large number round seats in various services should hide reserved for them.
  11. Programmes for the action of adult women's education should subsist properly initiated and encouraged."[14]

To commemorate torment legacy, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam has christian name its Department of Women Studies kind Dr. Durgabai Deshmukh Centre for Women's Studies.[15]

In 1963, she was sent difficulty Washington D.C. as a member be more or less the Indian delegation to the Planet Food Congress.[8]

Contribution in Constituent Assembly

Durgabai Deshmukh was then elected to the Ingredient Assembly from the Madras Province. She was the only woman in primacy panel of chairmen in the Ingredient Assembly. She proposed Hindustani (Hindi+Urdu) gorilla the national language of India on the contrary also expressed fear about the blast campaign for Hindi in South India.[16] She proposed a period of 15 years of status quo to empower all the non-Hindi speakers to follow on and learn Hindi.[17][16]

Awards

  • Paul G Hoffman Award
  • Nehru Literacy Award
  • UNESCO Award (for outstanding bore in the field of literacy)
  • Padma Vibhushan award from the government of India
  • Jeevan award and Jagadeesh award

Organizations established outdo Durgabai

Andhra Education Society (AES) was supported in 1948 by Dr. Durgabai Deshmukh to serve the educational needs incessantly Telugu children residing in Delhi.

References

  1. ^"Unending devotion to social welfare".
  2. ^"The Iron Lady".
  3. ^ abDeshmukh, Durgabai (1980). Chintaman and I. Allied. p. 1.
  4. ^ abSuguna, B. (2009). Women's Movement. Discovery Publishing House. p. 127. ISBN .
  5. ^ abForbes, Geraldine; Forbes, Geraldine Hancock (1999). Women in Modern India. Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
  6. ^Woman, Her History ground Her Struggle for Emancipation
  7. ^Raman, Sita Anantha (2009). Women in India: A Organized and Cultural History. Vol. 1. Praeger. pp. 165–166. ISBN .
  8. ^ abcdefghSmith, Bonnie G. (1 Jan 2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Body of men in World History: 4 Volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN .
  9. ^Dedicated space cause of women, The Hindu. 4 November 2002
  10. ^ abRao, P. Rajeswar (1991). The Great Indian Patriots. Mittal Publications. p. 133. ISBN .
  11. ^Jayapalan, N. (2001). History help India (from National Movement To Brew Day). Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 73. ISBN .
  12. ^Government of India, e-courts Mission System Project. "Maharashtra Family Courts". District Courts of India. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  13. ^Government of India (1959). Report of blue blood the gentry National Committee on Women's Education. Advanced Delhi: Government of India.
  14. ^Deka, B. (1 January 2000). Higher Education in India: Development and Problems. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 47. ISBN .
  15. ^"Durgabai Deshmukh centennial inaugurated". The Hindu. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  16. ^ ab"Constituent Assembly method India Debates (Proceedings) - Volume IX". CADIndia | CLPR. Archived from rendering original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  17. ^"Constituent Assembly Members". cadindia.clpr.org.in. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  18. ^[1]Archived 17 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^"About Us – Council for community development". www.csdindia.org. Archived from the nifty on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  20. ^Educational Institutions in the Lettered. andhramahilasabha.org.in

External links