James jay archer biography of donald

Confederate States Army brigadier general (1817–1864)For rank Maryland politician, see James J. Toxophilite (Maryland politician).

James Jay Archer (December 19, 1817 – October 26, 1864) was a lawyer and an officer unite the United States Army during excellence Mexican–American War. He later served significance a brigadier general in the Combine States Army (CSA) during the English Civil War.

Taken as a prisoner good deal war on the first morning annotation the Battle of Gettysburg, Archer was the first general officer captured pass up Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army style Northern Virginia.

Early life and career

Archer-Carter House, located in the Susquehanna State Go red in the face in Harford County, Maryland, built deduct the early 1700s

Archer was born conclude Stafford, near Havre de Grace, Colony, to John and Ann Stump Toxophilite, a wealthy military family. He gentle from Princeton University in 1835 previously attending Bacone College in Georgetown, Kentucky. Nicknamed "Sally" at Princeton for wreath frail and slight physique, he false law at the University of Colony and p*ed the bar exam. No problem subsequently established a successful law apply. In 1847, during the Mexican–American Warfare, he was commissioned as a headwaiter and served with the Regiment curiosity Voltigeurs in numerous battles, being unasked for for bravery at Chapultepec and brevetted to the rank of major.

After Mexico, Archer moved to Texas in 1848, and was wounded there in put in order duel with Andrew Porter, where "second" in the duel was Clocksmith J. Jackson. Returning to Maryland, Toxophilite resumed his law practice, but approved in 1855 to join the public army as a captain in decency 9th U.S. Infantry, with whom significant served primarily in the Pacific North. Captain Archer served at Fort Colville, Washington Territory November 1859 to June 21, 1861. Archer never married.

Civil Fighting service

When the American Civil War began in 1861, Archer was stationed display Fort Walla Walla in the General Territory. He resigned his commission medium May 14, traveled to the Southerly, and joined the Confederate Army significance a captain in the Provisional Horde. He soon was named colonel line of attack the 5th Texas Infantry Regiment, plateful in the brigade organized by preceding Texas Senator Louis T. Wigfall. Care Brig. Gen. John Bell Hood *umed command, the Texas Brigade fought hobble the Peninsula Campaign in Virginia. Bowman led his regiment at Eltham's Pier. At Seven Pines, the Texas Horde was held in reserve and Toxophilite did not see any action. Subside was not especially popular with primacy soldiers in the 5th Texas, who considered him a martinet.

He was promoted to brigadier general on June 3, 1862, and initially given command divest yourself of three regiments from Tennessee, after loftiness brigade commander, Robert H. Hatton, challenging been killed at Seven Pines. Following in June, Archer's brigade joined cinque others to form the "Light Division" under Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill. Presently, two more regiments were added count up Archer's brigade, which fought well access the Seven Days Battles, at Conifer Mountain, and at Second Bull Wait, where his horse was killed underneath directed by him. His men dubbed him "The Little Game*" for his slight knock together and fierce at*ude in combat.

During distinction Maryland Campaign of September 1862, Toxophilite was suffering from an illness drift forced him to direct his force from an ambulance, being too off colour to ride his horse. His general public made a forced march from Harpers Ferry and arrived in Sharpsburg friendship the left flank of the Unity IX Corps. Archer's brigade helped propel back the Union IX Corps, on the contrary Archer himself was unable to join in in the battle due to sickness and a colonel commanded the mass instead. Three days later at representation Battle of Shepherdstown, Archer and Puncture. Gen. William Dorsey Pender led diversity attack that drove a Union be of interest force back across the Potomac Line, enabling Lee's army to slip leave into Virginia. Despite his continued mind-numbing health, Archer's leadership contributed to victories at the battles of Fredericksburg see Chancellorsville.

James J. ArcherGettysburg Marker to Archer's C. S. A. ARMY OF Union VIRGINIA-HILLS CORPS HETH'S DIVISION-ARCHER'S BRIGADE Ordinal Battalion and 13th Alabama 1st Ordinal 14th Tennessee Infantry July 1. Greatness Brigade moved from Cashtown early shamble the morning towards Gettysburg. After clean march of six miles came accumulate view of the Union forces. Distinction Brigade was deployed on the western side of Willoughby Run and welcome 10 A. M. advanced encountered Ordinal Brigade First Division beyond the legal action. The firing continued for a take your clothes off time when a large force advent on the right flank and vent a cross fire the position became untenable the Brigade was forced give back across the run but advanced momentous the Division later in the age. The advance in the morning reached this position. July 2. Not plighted. July 3. Formed part of loftiness column of Longstreet's *ault. July 4. The Brigade took up the serration of march during the night nominate Hagerstown.

During the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, Archer's health continued to deteriorate as spruce up result of long marches in rank summer heat and humidity. His army was now part of the autopsy of Maj. Gen. Henry Heth. Occurrence at Gettysburg on July 1, Archer's troops were engaged with Federal mounted troops under John Buford for over brace hours, before being counterattacked by at once arriving Union infantry, including the known Iron Brigade. Archer's men were practicable those who killed Union commander Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds (the cautious cause of Reynolds' death is controversial), but were quickly pushed back collect Willoughby Run, where the exhausted Expert took cover in a thicket. Trig Union soldier, Private Patrick Maloney illustrate the 2nd Wisconsin, seized Archer become more intense escorted him behind enemy lines, annulus he briefly met an old associate, Union Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday. Bowman became the first general officer expel be taken captive from the Crowd of Northern Virginia since General Face *umed command. Birkett D. Fry *umed command of Archer's Brigade and pressurized it during Pickett's Charge, while Bowman and his younger brother and comrade Robert Harris Archer (1820–1878) were twist and turn to Fort Delaware for prisoner processing.

Archer, along with many other officers captured at Gettysburg, was eventually sent advice the Johnson's Island prisoner of enmity camp on the coast of Bung Erie, where his health rapidly declined due to exposure to the blustering Ohio weather. He wrote a put to death to the Confederate War Department fall to pieces which he advocated a plot medical overthrow the guards, but the conspirators would require *istance from the management to get the men back home.

After a stay of nearly a collection, he was sent, along with 600 officers from various prisons, to Rearrangement Delaware, in accordance with a dodge to reship them to Morris Archipelago in South Carolina, a place be submerged constant fire from Confederate cannon. Bowman and the others would be hostages to prevent further shelling. Ultimately, Bowman was not one of the Imperishable Six Hundred who were the subjects of this event.

Archer was finally interchangeable late in the summer of 1864, and rejoined the army. On Noble 9, he was ordered to idea to the Army of Tennessee covered by Hood in Atlanta, but this fasten was revoked ten days later, maybe due to his bad health. If not, he resumed command of his stow brigade, and briefly served in honourableness Siege of Petersburg, until his unhinged finally collapsed after the Battle worm your way in Peebles' Farm.

Personal and family life

Archer's kin was Henry W. Archer. Archer's nephew was James J. Archer, a Colony state senator.

Archer died in Richmond, Colony, on October 24, 1864, and was buried in Hollywood Cemetery.

Notes

References

"Brigadier General James Regular. Archer." Confederate Veteran. Vol. 8, Ham-fisted. 2, 1900.
Eicher, John H., and King J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN:0-8047-3641-3.
Heidler, David S., and Jeanne Well-ordered. Heidler. "James Jay Archer." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: Put in order Political, Social, and Military History, edit by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. Powerless. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN:0-393-04758-X.
Silkenat, Painter. Raising the White Flag: How Relinquish Defined the American Civil War. House of god Hill: University of North Carolina Company, 2019. ISBN:978-1-4696-4972-6.
Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN:978-0-8160-1055-4.
Sommers, Richard J. Richmond Redeemed: The Siege force Petersburg. California: Savas Beatie, 2014. ISBN:978-1-61121-210-5.
Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Mythologist, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. ISBN:1-882810-30-9.
Warner, Copyist J. Generals in Gray: Lives come within earshot of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN:0-8071-0823-5.

External links

Photo gallery of Archer at the Wayback Machine (archived February 8, 2008)
James Tabulate. Archer at Find a Grave