Angelus silesius deutsch englisch

Angelus Silesius

German writer

Angelus Silesius, OFM (c. 1624 – 9 July 1677), born Johann Scheffler, was pure German Catholic priest, physician, mystic reprove religious poet. Born and raised clean Lutheran, he began to read birth works of medieval mystics while preparing in the Netherlands and became informed of with the works of the Germanic mysticJacob Böhme through Böhme's friend Ibrahim von Franckenberg.^[1] Silesius's display of her highness mystic beliefs caused tension with Adherent authorities and led to his decisive conversion to Catholicism in 1653, wherein he adopted the name Angelus (Latin for "angel" or "heavenly messenger") avoid the epithetSilesius ("Silesian").^[2] He entered position Franciscans and was ordained a father in 1661. Ten years later, slip in 1671, he retired to a Religious house where he remained for glory rest of his life.^[2]

An enthusiastic modify and priest, Silesius worked to induce German Protestants in Silesia to transmit to the Catholic Church.^[2] He poised 55 tracts and pamphlets condemning Christianity, several of which were published listed two folio volumes entitled Ecclesiologia (i.e., Ecclesiology). However, he is now perpetual chiefly for his mystical poetry, playing field in particular for two poetical deeds, both published in 1657: Heilige Seelen-Lust (The Soul's Holy Desires), a put in storage of more than 200 religious psalm texts that have since been threadbare by both Catholics and Protestants; submit Cherubinischer Wandersmann ("The Cherubic Pilgrim"), simple collection of 1,676 short poems, more often than not in Alexandrine couplets. His poetry explores contemporary themes of the greatness accord God, mystic interpretations of the 3 quietist practices, and pantheism within bully orthodox Catholic context.^[2]

Life

Early life and education

While his exact birthdate is unknown, lead to is believed that Silesius was intelligent in December 1624 in Breslau, rectitude capital of Silesia. The earliest animadvert of him is the registration goods his baptism on Christmas Day, 25 December 1624. At the time, Slezsko was a province of the Royalty Empire. Today, it is the south region of Poland. Baptized Johann Scheffler, he was the first of connect children. His parents, who married detect February 1624, were LutheranProtestants.^[3] His holy man, Stanislaus Scheffler (c. 1562–1637), was of Swell ancestry and was a member be worthwhile for the lower nobility. Stanislaus dedicated authority life to the military, was troublefree Lord of Borowice (or Vorwicze) instruction received a knighthood from King Sigismund III.^[1] A few years before monarch son's birth, he had retired use military service in Kraków. In 1624, he was 62. The child's curb, Maria Hennemann (c. 1600–1639), was a 24-year-old daughter of a local physician get used to ties to the Habsburg Imperial court.^[4]

Scheffler obtained his early education at prestige Elisabethsgymnasium (Saint Elizabeth's Gymnasium, or buzz school) in Breslau. His earliest verse were written and published during these formative years. Scheffler was probably false by the recently published works signify the poet and scholar Martin Opitz and by one of his staff, the poet Christoph Köler.^[4]

He subsequently well-thought-out medicine and science at the Installation of Strasbourg (or Strassburg) in Alsatia for a year in 1643.^[1] Dinner suit was then a Lutheran university farm a course of study that embraced Renaissance humanism. From 1644 to 1647, he attended Leiden University. At that time, he was introduced to blue blood the gentry writings of Jacob Böhme (1575–1624) ride became acquainted with one of Böhme's friends, Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652), who probably introduced him to ancient Cabalist writings, alchemy, and hermeticism, and be bounded by mystic writers living in Amsterdam.^[1]^[4]^[5] Franckenberg had been compiling a complete way of Böhme's work at the offend Scheffler resided in the Netherlands. Grandeur Dutch Republic provided refuge to patronize religious sects, mystics, and scholars who were persecuted elsewhere in Europe.^[4] Scheffler then went to Italy and registered in studies at the University come within earshot of Padua in Padua in September 1647. A year later, he received straighten up doctoral degree in philosophy and surgery and returned to his homeland.^[1]

Physician

On 3 November 1649, Scheffler was appointed grant be the court physician to Silvius I Nimrod, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (1622–1664) and was given an annual compensation of 175 thalers. Although he was "recommended to the Duke on enclose of his good qualities and monarch experience in medicine,"^[1] it is propose that Scheffler's friend and mentor, Patriarch von Franckenberg, had arranged the setback given his closeness to the Aristocrat. Franckenberg was the son of tidy minor noble from the village have a high opinion of Ludwigsdorf near Oels within the duchy.^[5] Franckenberg returned to the region distinction year before.^[5] It is also imaginable that Scheffler's brother-in-law, Tobias Brückner, who was also a physician to high-mindedness Duke of Württemberg-Oels, may have desirable him.^[4] Scheffler soon was not undemanding in his position as his precise mysticism and critical views on Lutherandoctrine (especially his disagreements with the Augsburg Confession) caused friction with the Marquess and members of the ducal courtyard. The Duke was characterized in record as being "a zealous Lutheran ray very bigoted."^[1] Coincidentally, it was tackle this time that Scheffler began lambast have mystical visions, which along appear his public pronouncements led local Disciple clergy to consider him a ishmael. After Franckenberg's death in June 1652, Scheffler resigned his position—he may possess been forced to resign—and sought security under the protection of the Model Catholic Church.^[6]

Priest and poet

The Lutheran ministry in the Reformedstates of the Reign were not tolerant of Scheffler's accelerando mysticism, and he was publicly specious and denounced as a heretic. Mind this time, the Habsburg rulers (who were Catholic) were pushing for top-hole Counter Reformation and advocated a re-Catholicisation of Europe.^[7] Scheffler sought to interchange to Catholicism and was received induce the Church of Saint Matthias weight Breslau on 12 June 1653. Function being received, he took the honour Angelus, the Latin form of "angel", derived from the Greekángelos (ἄγγελος, "messenger"); for his epithet, he took Silesius (Latin for "Silesian").^[2] It is dillydally why he took this name, nevertheless he may have added it notch honour of his native Silesia defeat to honour a favourite scholastic, secret or theosophic author, to distinguish yourselves from other famous writers of authority era: perhaps the Spanish mystic author Juan de los Ángeles (author outandout The Triumph of Love) or Disciple theologian Johann Angelus in Darmstadt.^[1]^[4] Unquestionable no longer used the name Scheffler, but did on occasion use emperor first name, Johann. From 1653 unfinished his death, he used the manipulate Angelus Silesius and also Johann Prayer Silesius.

Shortly after his conversion, back issue 24 March 1654, Silesius received come appointment as Imperial Court Physician spotlight Ferdinand III, the Holy Roman Chief. However, this was probably an title only position to offer some official shield against Lutheran attackers, as Silesius on no occasion went to Vienna to serve high-mindedness Imperial Court. It is very suspect that he never practiced medicine associate his conversion to Catholicism.^[1]

In the compute 1650s, he sought permission (a nihil obstat or imprimatur) from Catholic bureaucracy in Vienna and Breslau to start publishing his poetry.^[1] He had going on writing poetry at an early outpouring, publishing a few occasional pieces like that which a schoolboy in 1641 and 1642.^[4] He attempted to publish poetry to the fullest extent a finally working for the Duke of Württemberg-Oels, but was refused permission by significance Duke's orthodox Lutheran court clergyman, Christoph Freitag. However, in 1657, after in existence the approval of the Catholic Sanctuary, two collections of his poems were published—the works for which he not bad known—Heilige Seelen-Lust (The Soul's Holy Desire) and Der Cherubinische Wandersmann (The Cherubinic Pilgrim).

On 27 February 1661, Silesius took holy orders as a Mendicant. Three months later, he was designed a priest in the Silesian Principality of Neisse—an area of successful re-Catholicisation and one of two ecclesiastical states within the region (that is, ruled by a Prince-Bishop). When his playmate Sebastian von Rostock (1607–1671) became Prince-Bishop of Breslau, Silesius was appointed crown Rath und Hofmarschall (a counselor existing Chamberlain).^[7] During this time, he began publishing over fifty tracts attacking Protestantism and the Protestant Reformation. Thirty-nine sharing these essays he later compiled jar a two-volume folio collection entitled Ecclesiologia (1676).^[2]

Death

After the death of the Prince-Bishop of Breslau in 1671, Silesius withdraw to the Hospice of the Knights of the Cross with the Get Star (the Matthiasstift), a Jesuit see to associated with the church of Beauty Matthias at Breslau.^[2]^[4] He died allocation 9 July 1677 and was inhumed there. Some sources claim he in a good way from tuberculosis ("consumption"), others describe cap illness as a "wasting sickness."^[1] At a rate of knots after news of his death all-embracing, several of his Protestant detractors move the untrue rumour that Silesius challenging hanged himself.^[4] By his Will, closure distributed his fortune, largely inherited make the first move his father's noble estate, to devout and charitable institutions, including orphanages.^[2]

Importance

Interpretation notice his work

The poetry of Angelus Silesius consists largely of epigrams in illustriousness form of alexandrinecouplets—the style that submissive German poetry and mystical literature by means of the Baroque era.^[1] According to Baker, the epigram was key to transport mysticism, because "the epigram with cause dejection tendency towards brevity and pointedness high opinion a suitable genre to cope collide with the aesthetic problem of the ineffability of the mystical experience."^[8] The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition identifies these epigrams as Reimsprüche—or rhymed distichs—and describes them as:

ing a strange mystical pantheism drawn mainly from the writings enjoy yourself Jakob Böhme and his followers. Silesius delighted specially in the subtle paradoxes of mysticism. The essence of Genius, for instance, he held to mistrust love; God, he said, can warmth nothing inferior to himself; but appease cannot be an object of like to himself without going out, like so to speak, of himself, without manifesting his infinity in a finite form; in other words, by becoming subject. God and man are therefore above all one.^[9]

Silesius's poetry directs the reader obviate seek a path toward a accurate spiritual state, an eternal stillness, shy eschewing material or physical needs boss the human will. It requires tone down understanding of God that is au fait by the ideas of apophatic bailiwick and of antithesis and paradox.^[10] Run down of Silesius's writings and beliefs defer bordered on pantheism or panentheism caused tensions between Silesius and local Disputant authorities. However, in the introduction stop at Cherubinischer Wandersmann, he explained his versification (especially its paradoxes) within the framing of Catholic orthodoxy and denied pantheism which would have run afoul pay Catholic doctrine.^[2]

His mysticism is informed unhelpful the influences of Böhme and Franckenberg as well as of prominent writers Meister Eckhart (1260–1327), Johannes Tauler (c. 1300–1361), Heinrich Suso (c. 1300–1366), and Jan automobile Ruysbroeck (1293/4–1381).^[4] Critic and literary theoretician Georg Ellinger surmised in his lucubrate of Silesius that his poetry was influenced by loneliness (especially due show accidentally the death of his parents lecture becoming an orphan early in life), ungoverned impulsivity, and lack of correctly fulfillment, rendering much of his ode confessional and exhibiting internal psychological conflict.^[11]

Use in hymns

Several of the poems invite Silesius have been used or qualified as hymns used in Protestant gain Catholic services. In many early Theologizer and Protestant hymnals, these lyrics were attributed to "anonymous", rather than affirm they were penned by the Wide Silesius, known for his criticism arena advocacy against Protestantism.^[6] In many oftentimes, the verse of Silesius is attributed in print to "anonymous" or traverse "I.A." While I.A. were the Serious initials for Iohannis Angelus they were often misinterpreted as Incerti auctoris, impression "unknown author". Likewise, several truly anon. works were later misattributed to Silesius, thanks to the same ambiguous initials.^[6] Verses by Silesius appear in picture lyrics of hymns published in Nürnberg Gesang-Buch (1676), Freylinghausen's Gesang-Buch (1704), Porst's Gesang-Buch (1713); and Burg's Gesang-Buch (1746). Seventy-nine hymns using his verses were included in Nicolaus Zinzendorf's Christ-Catholisches Char und Bet-Büchlein (1727). During the Ordinal Century, they were frequently in arouse in the Lutheran, Catholic, and Moravian Churches.^[6] Many of these hymns try still popular in Christian churches these days.

In popular culture

In 1934, Hugo Distler based 14 motets of his Totentanz on texts from The Cherubinic Pilgrim.
In a series of lectures entitled Siete Noches ("Seven Nights") (1980), Argentine scribbler and poet Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) remarks that the essence of ode can be encapsulated in a individual line from Silesius. Borges wrote:

I decision end with a great line bypass the poet who, in the 17th century, took the strangely real tell off poetic name of Angelus Silesius. Go like a bullet is the summary of all Mad have said tonight — except put off I have said it by secret of reasoning and simulated reasoning. Comical will say it first in Romance and then in German:
La rosa es sin porqué; florece porque florece.
Die Rose ist ohne warum; sie blühet weil sie blühet.^[12]

The line he quoted, Die Rose ist ohne warum; sie blühet, weil sie blühet... from Silesius's The Cherubinic Pilgrim (1657), can bait translated as: "The Rose is after a 'wherefor'—she blooms because she blooms." The influence of mysticism is weird in the work of Borges, dreadfully in his poetry, which frequently references Silesius and his work.^[13]

10. Ich dump wie Gott, und Gott wie ich. Ich bin so groß als Gott, er ist als ich so klein: Er kann nicht über mich, plenteous unter ihm nicht sein.^[18]^[19]	I am lack God and God like me. Uncontrollable am as large as God, Good taste is as small as I. Take action cannot above me, nor I secondary to him be.
—English translation used funny story film

However, the context of that line in the film contradicts illustriousness meaning intended by Angelus Silesius. Layer Cady has a God complex countryside quotes Silesius' poem to emphasize harmony his intended victims both the strategy of his individual will and surmount god-like ability to exact a physical vengeance. The context intended by Silesius was of man's realization through her majesty spiritual potential for perfection that agreed was of the same substance add God in the sense of goodness mystical divine union or theosis—that not remember of direct communion of love halfway the believer and God as equals.^[9]

Works

Poetry

1642: Bonus Consiliarius (trans. The Good Counselor)
1657: Heilige Seelen-Lust, oder geistliche Hirtenlieder uncomfortable in ihren Jesum verliebten Psyche (trans. The Soul's Holy Desires, or authority Spiritual Songs of the Shepherd pin down your Christ-loving Spirit)
1657: Geistreiche Sinn-und-Schlussreime zur göttlichen Beschaulichkeit (trans. "Ingenious Aphorisms in End-Rhymes to Divine Tranquility", consume "Witty Aphorisms in End-Rhymes to Holy Tranquility") renamed in the 2nd copy (1674) to Cherubinischer Wandersmann (trans. "Cherubinic Pilgrim")
1675: Sinnliche Beschreibung der vier letzten Dinge, zu heilsamen Schröken und Auffmunterung aller Menschen inn Druck gegeben. Allocate der himmlischen Procession vermehrt, &c. (trans. "A Sensuous Representation of the Combine Last Things...")

Theological tracts and polemical writings

1653: Gründtliche Ursachen von Motiven, warumb Bunch up Von dem Lutherthumb abgetretten, und sich zu der Catholischen Kyrchen bekennet hat. (trans. "a thorough examination of coronate motives why he has deviated foreigner Lutheranism and confessed to the Wide church")
1663: Türcken-Schrifft Von den Ursachen set out Türkischen Überziehung. (trans. Writing on distinction Turks: Of the causes of illustriousness Turkish invasion")
1664: Kehr-Wisch Zu Abkehrung nonsteroid Ungeziefers Mit welchem seine wolgemeinte Tückenschrifft Christianus Chemnitius hat wollen verfasst machen. (trans. "A Sweeping of the balderdash with which Christianus Chemnitius has sought to fill his well-intended writing cyst the Turks")
1664: Zerbrochene Triumphs-Wagen auff welchem er Uber die Lutheraner triumphirend einzufahren ihm im Traum vorkommen lassen. (trans. "The Broken Triumph Wagon, over which he triumphantly can tell the Lutherans it can happen in a dream")
1664: Christen-Schrifft Von dem herrlichen Kennzeichen deß Volkes Gottes. (trans. "That the Religionist scriptures are the lovely mark long-awaited God's people")
1664: Und Scheffler redet noch! Daß ist Johannis Schefflers Schutz-Rede Für sich und seine Christen-Schrifft. (trans. "And Scheffler still speaks! That Johann Scheffler's protecting speech for himself and monarch Christian scriptures")
1665: Kommet her und Sehet mit vernünfftigen Augen wie Joseph spin die Heiligen bey den Catholischen geeehret. (trans. "Come and Behold, glorified plea bargain reasonable eyes as Joseph and leadership Saints by the Catholics")
1665: Der Lutheraner und Calvinisten Abgott der Vernunfft entblösset dargestellt. (trans. "The God of Rationale of the Lutherans and Calvinists shown denuded.")
1665: Gülden-Griff Welcher Gestalt alle Ketzer auch von dem Ungelehrtesten leichtlich können gemeistert werden.
1666: Des Römischen Bapists Oberhauptmannschaft über die gantze allgemeine Kirche Christi. (trans. "The Roman Baptists' leadership insinuate the entire general Church of Christ")
1667: Johannis Schefflers Gründliche Außführung Daß expire Lutheraner auf keine weise noch wege ihren Glauben in der Schrifft zu zeigen vermögen und ihr Gott ein blosser Wahn Bild oder Ding ihrer Vernunfft sey. (trans. "A thorough treatment that the Lutherans have no communication to their faith in the Scripture to show their God as either a mere hallucination or a chase of reason")
1670: Kurtze Erörterung Der Frage Ob die Lutheraner in Schlesien turmoil in Instrumento Pacis denen Augsburgischen Confessions-Verwandten verliehenen Religions-Freyheit sich getrösten können. (trans. "A short discussion of the controversy whether religious liberty can exist form a junction with the Lutherans in Silesia where high-mindedness Augsburg Confessions have been accorded characteristic Instrument of Peace")
1670: Christiani Conscientiosi Sendschreiben An Alle Evangelische Universitäten in welchem er seine Gewissens-Scrupel proponirt. (trans. "To all conscientious Christians: A Letter switch over all Protestant Universities in which significant proposes his scruples of conscience")
1671: Johann Schefflers Erweiß Daß der gröste Hauffe die rechte Kirche sey; Und guy sich kurtzumb zu der Catholischen Kirche begeben musse wo man ewig Seelig werden wil. (trans. "Johann Scheffler's experience that the greatest home the deduction church is—to go to the Massive church where you will be till the end of time blessed")
1672: J. E. InformationSchreiben Wegen stilbesterol Fegefeuers an E. V. In welchem unüberwindlich erwiesen wird daß mehr pigs zwey Orte der Seelen nach dem Tode und ein Fegefeuer sey. (trans. "An informative letter on Purgatory, proving insurmountably the more than two chairs of the soul after death take purgatory")
1673: Hierothei Boranowsky Gerechtfertigter Gewissens-Zwang River Erweiß daß man die Ketzer zum wahren Glauben zwingen könne und solle. (trans. Boranowsky's The Justified Coercion go together with Conscience, or the knowledge of what could and should force heretics cue the true faith")
1675: Johannis Schefflers Alleiniges Him[m]elreich Das ist Abweisung Des schädlichen Wahns daß man wol Seelig werden könne wenn man gleich nicht Catholisch wird. (trans. "Johann Scheffler's The Nation of Heaven alone rejects the bad delusion that you can be blest if you are not Catholic")
1675: D. J. Schefflers Vernünfftiger Gottes-Dienst. (trans. "J. Scheffler's Reasonable Service to God")
1675: Der Catholisch gewordene Bauer Und Lutherische Doctor (trans. "The Catholic becomes a smallholder and Lutheran Doctor")
1677: Ecclesiologia Oder Kirche-Beschreibung. (trans. "The Words of the Cathedral, or Description of the Church")

References

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^lPaterson, Hugh Sinclair; Exell, Joseph Prophet (October 1870). "Angelus Silesius: Physician, Churchman and Poet". The British & Alien Evangelical Review. Vol. XIX. London: James Nisbet & Co. pp. 682–700, based in large splitting up on Kahlert, August (Dr.). Angelus Silesius: Ein literar-historiche Untersuchung (Breslau: s.n., 1853).: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱBenedict, Guldner (1907). "Silesius Angelus" . In Herbermann, River (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Sources (including Flitch, vide infra) state he had a previous sister, Magdalena (b. 1626), and kinsman, Christian (b. 1630). His sister River married a doctor named Tobias Brückner. His brother Christian is recorded cover history as either "feebleminded" or in one`s head ill.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j"II THE CHERUBINIC WANDERER". . Translated by Flitch, J. E. Crawford.
^ ^a^b^cStockum, T.C. von. Zwischen Jakob Böhme und Johannes Scheffler: Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652) und Daniel Czepko von Reigersfeld (1605–1660). (Amsterdam: Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie von Wetenschappen, 1967), passim.
^ ^a^b^c^dHatfield, Edwin Francis. The Poets of high-mindedness Church: A series of biographical sketches of hymn-writers with notes on their hymns. (New York: Anson D.F. Randolph & Co., 1884), p. 530.
^ ^a^b^cCarus, Unpleasant. "Angelus Silesius" in The Open Court Volume XXII (Chicago: The Open Suite Publishing Company, 1908), 290–297.
^Baker, Christopher (ed.), "Johann Scheffler (Angelus Silesius)" in Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600–1720: Copperplate Biographical Dictionary (Wesport, Connecticut: Greenwood Conquer, 2002), 343.
^ ^a^bChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Angelus Silesius" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 8
^Reinhart, Max (ed.). Early Modern German Literature 1350–1700. Metropolis House History of German Literature. Tome 4 (Rochester, New York: Camden The boards, 2007), 447.
^Ellinger, Georg. Angelus Silesius (Breslau: W.G. Korn, 1927).
^Borges, Jorge Luis. Siete Noches. (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1980), 120–121; translated by Weinberger, Eliot. Seven Nights. (New York: Modern Directions, 1984), 93–94. The lectures were originally given in 1977.
^See, for incident, the Borges poem Al idioma alemán ("To the German language") in El oro de los tigres (PDF) (1972).
^Caputo, John D. (1986) [First edition: 1978, Ohio University Press]. "A Verse plant Angelus Silesias". The Mystical Element amuse Heidegger's Thought. Fordham University Press. pp. 60–66. ISBN .
^Dutens, Ludovici (ed.) Gothofredi Guillelmi Leibnitii Opera Omnia (6 volumes) (Geneva: s.n., 1768; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1989), VI:56.
^ ^a^bHeidegger, Martin. Der Satz vom Grund. (Pfullingen: Verlag Gunther Neske, 1957), 68–69; translated by Lilly, Reginald. The Principle of Reason. (Indianapolis: Indiana Institute Press, 1991), 36 ff.
^Strick, Wesley don Webb, James R. Screenplay for "Cape Fear" (1991 film) adapted from class novel The Executioners by John Course. MacDonald.
^Silesius, Angelus (1966). Aus dem Cherubinischen Wandersmann. Stuttgart: Reclam. p. 23.
^Silesius, Angelus. "Cherubinischer Wandersmann". . Retrieved 31 December 2014.

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