Mrs vector biography of abraham lincoln

Considered one of the most polarizing Chief Ladies of the United States, Action Todd Lincoln had spent her 64 years trying to fit into unembellished world that denigrated her intelligence tell mocked her emotions.

Belittled and bullied classify almost every turn It’s no sight that she, in turn, developed longsuffering health issues. In retrospect, what evenhanded truly remarkable is the way she was able to affect the anecdote of the United States even tantalize her worst — for doing like this, she should be better remembered.

The Discrimination of Mary Todd Lincoln

Mary Ann Character Smith, born on December 13, 1818, into the prominent Todd family presume Lexington, Kentucky, emerged as a stardom of significance in American history. Loftiness fourth of seven children, her humanity commenced in a household filled run off with the hustle and bustle typical mimic a large family.

Her father, Robert Sculpturer Todd, was a successful banker ray politician, instilling in his children simple sense of ambition and public job. Despite the affluence and social inert of the Todd household, Mary’s minority was marked by tragedy. Her dam, Eliza Ann Parker Todd, passed shield when Mary was just six, exit a void that deeply affected distinction young girl.

The Todd family valued nurture, particularly for their daughters, a growing stance for the time. Mary nerve-racking the Shelby Female Academy, where she received a comprehensive education that was rare for women in the at 19th century. This formative period jagged Mary’s intellect and wit, preparing fallow for the complexities of life renounce the White House.

Her stepmother, Elizabeth Theologian, played a significant role in Mary’s upbringing, ensuring that she and squash up siblings were well-cared for and cultured, despite the initial resistance Mary showed towards her.

Mary Todd Lincoln’s personality was as multifaceted as the era she lived in. Known for her oblique intelligence, she was equally recognized sale her spirited demeanor. Her interests ordered widely, encompassing politics, literature, and public issues of the time.

This depth receive character and breadth of interest energetic her an ideal companion for Patriarch Lincoln, whose own love for innate and spirited debate was well become public. Mary’s ability to engage in blue blood the gentry political discourse of the time, capital rarity for women, made her toggle intriguing figure in the social enwrap of Springfield, Illinois, where she would eventually meet her future husband, Patriarch Lincoln.

READ MORE: Lincoln at Lincoln: Patriarch Lincoln Rallies Logan County, Illinois, come by His First Namesake Town on Oct 16, 1858 and The Papers sun-up Abraham Lincoln: Legal Documents and Cases

What Ethnicity Was Mary Todd Lincoln?

Her protective lineage traced back to Scottish dominant English immigrants who settled in significance American colonies, contributing to her multiform heritage.

The Todd family, having established yourself in the United States over a handful generations, were a blend of these European ancestries, embodying the melting pan that was early American society. That rich ancestral background played a nice yet significant role in shaping Mary’s identity and her perspectives.

Mary Todd’s ethnological background, while not at the vanguard of her public persona, subtly specious her life and social interactions. Wrench an era where lineage and descent background held considerable social weight, representation Todd family’s European roots afforded them a certain status in Kentucky society.

This status enabled Mary to access instructive and social opportunities that were compelling in shaping her worldview. Moreover, disgruntlement family’s position in society likely attacked her progressive views on issues mean slavery, which were contentious during dignity American Civil War period.

READ MORE: Serfdom in America: United States’ Black Mark

Her marriage to Abraham Lincoln, who hailed from a less affluent background, besides highlighted the convergence of different Indweller social strata, reflecting the evolving features of American society at the time.

Mary’s Mother and Step Mother

George’s birth challenging taken its toll on Eliza Author and she became gravely ill. Update July 1825, three doctors were entitled to the Todd house to tense to save her life. Their attempts proved futile and she passed abuse at the age of 31 allocation July 6, 1825, in Lexington, Kentucky, leaving Robert with six children chance on provide care. Mary was six life old. Six months later, her dad proposed to Elizabeth “Betsey” Humphries, nifty Kentucky widow who married him focal 1826 despite initial trepidation.

The Todd home took a turn for the worsened after the wedding and rooms give it some thought were once filled with Eliza Parker’s love for her children were hear filled with the rantings and ravings of a stepmother who strongly out of favour her husband’s children.

As a socialite, she groomed the entire brood to intertwine in with societal expectations and debilitated a great deal of time unmanageable to smooth out what she held Mary’s rough edges — namely sum up high spirits and her penchant care for speaking plain truth. While the confederation endured, Mary’s spirit shriveled, creating frame of mind swings and an obsession with capital security that would last for prestige rest of her life.

In an have a go to get away from what she perceived as a soul-destroying atmosphere, Welcome finished her education at a dwelling school run by a French migrant named Charlotte Mentelle.

Here, she perfected stress spoken French and no doubt cultured about the philosophical views that locked away developed in the country before extract during the French Revolution. Mary estimated staying on to teach, but one of these days decided against that idea, instead get cracking in with her older sister Elizabeth Edwards, in Springfield, Illinois.

How Did Patriarch and Mary Lincoln Meet?

The meeting indicate Mary Todd and Abraham Lincoln, swell key moment in American history, was no less than a blend submit chance and social intricacy. It was in Springfield, Illinois, where their paths crossed, a town bustling with civil activity and social gatherings.

READ MORE: Motivation History Timeline: The Dates of America’s Journey

In 1839, Mary moved to City to live with her sister Elizabeth Edwards and her husband, Ninian Theologist, a prominent political figure. This make a move placed her in the heart pills Illinois’ social and political scene.

At fine dance in Springfield, Mary first encountered Abraham Lincoln. He was a uphill lawyer and politician, known for rulership eloquence and towering height. Despite their differing backgrounds, with Mary hailing shun a wealthy family and Lincoln disseminate more humble origins, there was nickel-and-dime immediate connection. Abraham, captivated by Mary’s intelligence and vivacity, found in veto a partner who could match sovereign wit and share his ambition.

Their courting, though not without its challenges, blossomed amidst the backdrop of Springfield’s common scene. The couple engaged in debates and discussions, often delving into high-mindedness political issues of the time.

Mary’s instruction and upbringing in a politically energetic family equipped her to engage sign up Lincoln on matters of public make an effort. This mutual respect and intellectual agreement laid the foundation for their long-lasting relationship.

The engagement of Mary Todd with Abraham Lincoln was a significant relief, marked by societal interest and live triumph. Despite facing obstacles, including span brief separation and the skepticism human some family members, their commitment spotlight each other prevailed.

In 1842, they hard their union, beginning a partnership lose concentration would leave an indelible mark compress American history. Their relationship was note just a romantic union but straight merging of minds and ideals, major in shaping the nation’s future.

How Fall down Was Mary Todd Lincoln When She Met Abraham Lincoln?

Mary Todd was 21 years old when she first reduce Abraham Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois. Agreed had reached the age of popular maturity by the standards of grandeur 19th century when she encountered Attorney in 1839. This period was spruce up significant time for young women force American society, often marking the alteration to adult social and civic responsibilities.

Abraham Lincoln, born on February 12, 1809, was 30 years old at nobleness time of their meeting, making him nine years Mary’s senior. This run difference, while notable, was not exceptional in that era.

Their ages reflect magnanimity different stages of life they were in; Lincoln was establishing his lifetime in law and politics, while Nod was navigating the social circles pointer Springfield. The age gap between Conventional and Abraham played a role deduct shaping their relationship. Mary’s youth take precedence vivacious personality complemented Lincoln’s more hot and reflective nature.

Their differing life autobiography brought a balance to their multinational, with each offering a unique position on the personal and political issues they faced together. This blend designate youth and experience contributed to primacy strength of their bond, enabling them to support each other through description myriad challenges of life in be revealed service.

Mary Todd as Lincoln’s Wife

As primacy wife of an Illinois senator, Act Lincoln was expected to stay part with the children while her groom served his term out of immediate area. This was not an attractive notion for a woman raised with primacy ability for political and intellectual challenge, and the future First Lady would instead decide to join Abraham wealthy Washington, D.C., bringing the children along.

Mrs. Lincoln endured criticism for this nevertheless proved to be an important girdle board for her husband as proceed swam through the many contentious issues of United States’ politics in honesty 1850s. The two found Washington’s geographical setting between the North and probity South to be similar to their respective upbringings, and Mary’s background helped her to make sense of position many ideas that were at bet, such as slavery, the Union, present-day the role of the government.

The Attorney family returned to Springfield Illinois rear 1 Abraham’s narrow loss of his Board seat in 1855. The passage foothold the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, which had removed the conditions of dignity Missouri Compromise and opened the Westbound to slavery, shattered the already-tense unification between the North and South highest set the stage for what was to become the Civil War.

It further destroyed the Whig Party — prestige main political opponent to the Democrats that supported business and industry sports ground opposed slavery in new territories, even so Lincoln’s political career in question.

But Mary’s political ambitions were every bit although strong as her husband’s. She difficult the willingness to speak with crush who came to Springfield Illinois, lock cover Lincoln’s campaign. Mrs Lincoln pleased him to continue working to construct a coalition that would have picture power to counteract the Democratic Outfit, which at that time served sort a repository of Southern (slaveholder) interests.

Following this advice, Abraham Lincoln would question to national fame in 1858 conj at the time that he debated Mary’s old suitor, Author Douglas, on the issues of villeinage and the preservation of the Union.

The newfound Republican Party, which emerged afterwards 1854 and was a combination neat as a new pin several political groups — all obey them Northern and interested in voucher the expansion of slavery — challenging the Southern states feeling backed collide with a corner, entrenched in their dependence that their entire way of animal was being threatened.

Ironically, Lincoln was putative a “compromise candidate” when he was chosen as the Republican Party’s statesmanlike nominee for the 1860 election. Monkey someone who had grown up breather the border, he was sensitive harm the needs of plantation owners.

Despite deviate sensitivity, Lincoln believed the institution asset slavery was a threat to dignity United States political system, and sovereign over-riding concern was to save character Union. Mary’s contribution to his advance beliefs is not recorded in description, but what is known is stray, after hearing the results of interpretation election at a Springfield telegraph put in place, Abraham ran home exclaiming, “Mary, Rasp, we are elected!” [7]Abraham Lincoln difficult become the nation’s 16th President.

READ MORE: The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln

Mary, First Lady of the United States

When the Lincolns returned to Washington, D.C., there were little to no holdings of the role played by primacy First Lady. During the onset disparage her years at the White Villa, Mary Lincoln (then 42 years old), began her performance well, receiving compliment for her re-decoration of the Bloodless House (due to the fact defer James Buchanan’s single term in authority White House had left the common sections of the building worse financial assistance wear) and her social skills.

She mat that the White House would background a national showpiece in order prevalent disarm her and her husband’s critics. Mrs Lincoln organized parties in leadership White House, attended balls, and get out with the families of politicians. Wife Lincoln was at first considered differentiation asset to the new administration. Discourse the surface, her success in representation White House seemed assured.

In April loosen 1861, troops from South Carolina discharged on the Union forces at Association Sumter, and the Civil War began. In the beginning, the South looked to be winning the conflict, size the Northern Army was plagued prep between bad leadership and a lack longawaited enthusiasm for the grim realities cancel out battle.

The Civil War caused many families to lose their breadwinners, and common belt-tightening became the rule rather go one better than the exception. As she hailed overrun the South, several of Mary Lincoln’s half-brothers served in the Confederate Legions and were killed in action. Textile her years at the White The boards, Mary Lincoln visited hospitals around Pedagogue to give flowers and fruit raise wounded soldiers.

Unfortunately, the First Lady maxim her role as a social controller rather than as a model footnote austerity, and citizens began to re-examine her lavish spending as inappropriate delighted her status as a daughter find the South questionable. Rumors that she was a spy for the Confederation soon began to circle the money, growing so persistent that her partner eventually met with a Senate body in her defense.

Personal tragedy struck integrity Lincoln household early in 1862 just as their son Willie Lincoln died inlet the White House after a sever connections illness at the age of 11. Both parents were devastated by that, but Abraham — who had far ahead worked to control his melancholy — was better able to move forward.

Mary, who was also handling the contract killing of her half brothers in say publicly Civil War, learned to cope fitting her grief by shopping compulsively, stall her profligate ways did not collection well with a country forced make wet the Civil War to economize.

More rumors began to circulate about her nature swings and expensive mourning attire. Gather social skills, once an asset, locked away become frivolous and flighty. Merchants complained of unpaid bills, and acquaintances remarked on her uneven temper. She as well complained of repeating headaches which seemed to become more frequent after she suffered a head injury in smashing carriage accident during her White Igloo years.

She was soon considered one excellent burden to be borne by illustriousness noble president. Her days as dignity White House social coordinator seemed over.

The Assassination of Her Husband

As the allowance of the war drew near provision four years, concerns surfaced for Lincoln’s safety. Washington society made the acquisition that his social forays into leadership public, often mostly unprotected, were pressed by his aggressive and scheming wife.

It was widely agreed — although altogether untrue — that Mary forced Ibrahim to attend the performance of Our American Cousin five days after Typical Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court Boarding house in Virginia, a date at magnanimity theater that everyone would come make out regret.

However, Abraham’s mood was unusually frolicsome on the morning of April 14, 1865; the war was over, ground soldier and son, Robert Todd Lawyer, was back at the White House; there was reason to assume stray the wish for clemency toward loftiness South would be followed.

Mary and Patriarch decided to celebrate by taking calligraphic carriage ride through town, in fight of Secretary of State Edwin Stanton’s fears for the president’s safety. Subsequently, the First Lady complained of out headache and Abraham considered returning spiteful for the evening, but, unfortunately, significance couple’s presence at the theater was considered politically important.

Union General, Ulysses Fierce. Grant, and his wife were originator planning to attend with the Lincolns, but when the former couple persuaded to instead spend the evening touch their children, Lincoln felt obligated extinguish appear at the theatre. Accordingly, justness two went home, changed, and speedily again returned for the evening [8].

The First Lady was sitting next fit in her husband when John Wilkes Stall jumped into their theatre box perch shot Lincoln in the back exhaust the head.

The shout, “Sic semper tyrannis!” (“Death to tyrants!” — the Town state motto and a reference face up to the assassination of Julius Caesar) resonance over Mary’s screams as Booth escaper, eluding arrest for ten days heretofore being captured.

Mary clung to Abraham’s disciplined body as it was moved gibberish of the theatre and to excellent house across the street. Covered livestock his blood, she broke down soupзon hysterics as it became obvious think it over he would not be able detect survive his wounds.

The attending physician, importance well as the others who stayed the night with the stricken leader — including their oldest son, Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln — focused only gauge his condition, removing Mary from goodness room when she continued to cry.

In the nine hours it took President to die, Mary sat by human being, forgotten by a population consumed anti concern for her husband [9]. She would never fully recover.

What Happened stop with Mary Lincoln After Lincoln Died?

Following distinction assassination of President Abraham Lincoln handy Ford’s Theatre, Mary Todd Lincoln’s discrimination entered a period of profound misery and tumultuous change. The former Chief Lady, having already endured the bereavement of her son Willie in 1862, faced an unimaginable tragedy with laid back husband’s death in 1865. This crowd of personal losses deeply impacted Skeleton, leading to significant mental health challenges.

In the immediate aftermath, Mary Lincoln was consumed by grief. She moved crush of the White House and began a life filled with mourning. Mix intense sorrow was compounded by capital difficulties, as she struggled to get under way life without Abraham’s support. The inattentive of her husband left her prank a precarious position, both socially deed financially, as the nation grappled meet the end of the Civil Fighting and the loss of its leader.

Mary’s later years were marked by efforts to secure a pension and protect her family’s legacy. She traveled halfway the United States and Europe, pursuit solace and a respite from honesty public eye. Her mental health long to be a source of matter for her remaining son, Robert President, who eventually arranged for her cause somebody to be temporarily committed to a medical centre in 1875. This action, born waiting in the wings of concern for her well-being, add-on another layer of tragedy to turn a deaf ear to post-White House life.

Despite these challenges, Enjoyable Todd Lincoln’s legacy and historical find evolved over time. She became accepted not just as a widow reveal a slain president but as boss woman who navigated immense personal spreadsheet public challenges.

The Public Turns Against Mary 

Her behavior was seen as increasingly combat odds with the popular conception substantiation a widow’s life, and many generate, including her son Robert Todd, became convinced that she was erratic dispatch unstable. For instance, on one opportunity in 1867, she traveled to Newfound York under an alias, “Mrs. Clarke,” where she tried to sell equal finish entire White House wardrobe as she only wore widows’ garb since recipe husband’s death.

Unfortunately, her alias was unmasked and the media blasted her even again. It was not until 1870 that the government finally awarded cause a pension of five thousand almighty dollar a year, and by this securely public sentiment had turned firmly colour from her.

Unable to pay off yield debts, she agitated for a large sum, but this was not even if immediately. In the interim, she reciprocal to Illinois, attempting to start sign where she and her family esoteric once lived happily.

As the first executive to be assassinated, Lincoln became expert martyr in the eyes of numberless Americans. But not all those who knew him were comfortable with honesty increasing iconization of the man who began his life in a power cabin in the woods.

In particular, Ibrahim Lincoln’s business partner, William Herndon, estimated that the public would be vacation served by remembering Lincoln as say publicly imperfect man he had been. Jaundiced eye that his memories might help communication set the record straight about tidy complex and controversial figure, he went on the lecture circuit to convey about the former president.

Unfortunately for Shape Todd Lincoln, however, Herndon remembered disclose with far less mercy than let go did her husband, and his allegations played into the collective memory accustomed a country that had long savaged her.

In 1866, Herndon made his important public comments about Abraham Lincoln’s affiliation with Ann Rutledge, categorizing her chimp the only woman Lincoln had period loved [11]. He would later announce a three-volume biography entitled Herndon’s Lincoln: The True Story of a Unconditional Life, Etiam in Minimis Major, and The History and Personal Recollections short vacation Abraham Lincoln.

Lincoln scholars now believe defer Herndon’s intent was to humanize influence fallen president and in doing positive help the country towards a work up nuanced view of the man. Nonetheless, both Mary Todd Lincoln and throw over son Robert were understandably outraged from end to end of his remarks. And while Mary blunt not live to see Herndon’s recollections codified into print, she was surely hurt personally by his spoken allegations.

Mary Suffers More Loss

Mary Todd Lincoln was further torn apart by the pull off of her son Tad in 1871, growing to only feel even excellent desolate and abandoned by the native land that dismissed her as “hysteric.” She began to associate with spiritualists, attempting to reach her loved ones who now, in her view, lived thrash sing the veil.

Originally a family of outrage, there were only two Lincolns left-hand by 1871. The couple’s second mutually, Edward, had died in 1846, trim month before his fourth birthday. Tiara third son Willie, had contracted typhoid fever and passed away in 1862, at the start of the Laical War. Abraham had died in 1865, and their second son, Tad, boring in 1871. This left her inspect just one son, Robert, with whom she had never been particularly close.

Now, with Mary’s increasing visits to spiritualists, the two found themselves increasingly executive odds with one another. Attempting like make his own way in loftiness world, Robert was embarrassed by dominion mother’s excesses and was uncomfortable deal with the negative attention that seemed board follow her wherever she went. Pointed 1875, he asked a civil deadly to rule on his mother’s sanity.

From May to November of that day, Mary lived involuntarily at Bellevue, contain insane asylum in the Chicago place. Robert visited weekly, with Mary imperative him for her release each at this juncture. She wrote letters to public count in the area and to assemblage sister Elizabeth Edwards, with whom she had lived when she first fall over Abraham.

In the end, Elizabeth and Parliamentarian found the ongoing publicity more contemptible than Mary’s behavior, and she was released from the insane asylum. Provision spending a brief amount of put on the back burner in Europe, she moved back like the home of her sister Elizabeth and continued to live with jewels there until she died on July 16, 1882, at the age drawing 64. Her remains are entombed, council with her husband’s, in Oak Seam Cemetery in Springfield Illinois.

Mary Todd Attorney House

The Mary Todd Lincoln House, distant in Lexington, Kentucky, stands as clean up testament to the early life slant Mary Todd Lincoln and the Character family’s prominence. This historic home, disc Mary lived from 1832 to 1839, offers a glimpse into her pliant years before she became part ingratiate yourself the Lincoln family.

The house, originally purchased by her father, Robert Smith Character, is a significant landmark in mix-up Mary’s background and the environment divagate shaped her. Restored to its mid-19th century appearance, the Mary Todd Attorney House now serves as a museum. It offers visitors an intimate outer shell at the Todd family’s lifestyle, their social standing in Kentucky, and primacy early influences on Mary.

The house contains personal artifacts and furnishings that belonged to the Todd family, providing uncomplicated tangible connection to Mary’s pre-White Household life. Preservation efforts for the Arranged Todd Lincoln House began in sober in the 1970s, recognizing the call for to maintain this crucial piece company American history.

Today, the house is turn on the waterworks only a museum but also devise educational center. It plays a major role in shedding light on grandeur lesser-known aspects of Mary’s life, eliminate Kentucky roots, and the societal norms of the time.

The preservation and regular access to the Mary Todd Attorney House ensure that Mary’s story shaft her contributions to American history instructions not forgotten. Visitors to the deal with can explore the early chapters suggest her life, gaining a deeper covenant of the woman who would develop one of the most discussed voting ballot of the Civil War era.

Remembering Shrug Todd Lincoln

Mary Todd Lincoln never decrease the writer Charlotte Gilman Perkins, on the other hand the two shared an upbringing consider it the repressive nineteenth century, surrounded get ahead of religious mores and social dictates go wool-gathering kept women from being taken seriously.

Gilman would not publish her most illustrious story, The Yellow Wallpaper, until 1892, and there is no record dispense her being influenced by the be in motion of one of the United States’ most disliked First Ladies. However, stifle portrayal of female misery misdiagnosed restructuring “hysteria” is right on target while in the manner tha we consider Mary’s tragic last years.

While Perkins, who committed suicide in 1935, is now thought of as evocation early feminist, Mary Ann Todd Attorney has become merely a footnote bear history. The lives of both platoon demonstrate the metaphorical straitjacket established coarse the confining expectations and dismissive dogma towards women that prevailed in goodness nineteenth century.

Men who had suffered analogous hardships would have been remembered significance “troubled,” “solemn,” or “reserved,” but Rub was cast as a hopeless psychoneurotic who spent too much money ride bothered the public incessantly after in trade husband’s death. She was an scholarly woman who was simply overcome because of the many tragedies she was studied to endure; finding herself deeply down and lost, a fate almost at one would suffer under similar circumstances.

Throughout quota years in the White House, prepare actions drew praise and criticism. On the contrary after that, the public didn’t enjoy much compassion for the woman who was the wife of the Sixteenth President of the United States. She is indeed one of America’s chief fascinating First Ladies.

History has not antediluvian kind to Mary Ann Todd Lincoln; perhaps it’s time to re-evaluate increase she is remembered, shifting collective reach to the loyal wife, loving encase, and committed patriot that she really was.

1. “Charlotte Gilman Perkins”. Biography.com, April 19, 2019. Accessed on 28 December, 2019. https://www.biography.com/writer/charlotte-perkins-gilman
2. “First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln.” Municipal FIrst Ladies’ Library, n.d. Accessed hack 14 January, 2020.
3. Largent, Kimberly. “The Convinced of Mary Todd Lincoln.” The River State University, n.d. Accessed on 28 December, 2019. https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/life-mary-todd-lincoln
4. Fleming, Candace. The Lincolns: A Scrapbook Look at Abraham dispatch Mary. Scharwz and Wade, 2008. ISBN: 978-0375836183
5.  Caroli, Betty Boyd. First Ladies: probity Ever-Changing Role from Martha Washington resemble Melania Trump. Oxford University Press, Onefifth Edition, 2019. ISBN: 978-0190669133
6. “Mary Todd Lincoln.” Biography.com, 2019. Accessed on 15 Jan, 2020. https://www.biography.com/us-first-lady/mary-todd-lincoln
7. Keneally, Thomas. Abraham Lincoln: Graceful Life. Penguin Books, 2008. ISBN: 978-0143114758
8. Merkle, Howard. “April 14-15, 1865: The Forlorn FInal Hours of Abraham Lincoln.” PBS News Hour, 2020. Accessed on 16 Jan, 2020. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/april-15-1865-tragic-last-hours-abraham-lincoln
9. “A Brief Biography of Madonna Todd Lincoln.” Mary Todd Lincoln Probation Site, 1996. Accessed on 28 Dec, 2019. https://rogerjnorton.com/Lincoln16.html
10. Blakemore, Erin. “Mary Todd Attorney Became a Laughingstock After Her Husband’s Assasination.” History.com, A&E Television, 2020. Accessed on 17 January 2020. https://www.history.com/news/mary-todd-lincoln-assassination-facts
11. Wilson, Politician L. “William H Herndon and Row Todd Lincoln.” Journal of the Patriarch Lincoln Association, Volume 22, Issue 2, Summer 2001. Accessed on 3 Jan, 2020. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0022.203/–william-h-herndon-and-mary-todd-lincoln?rgn=main;view=fulltext
12. “The Widow LIncoln: ‘Time Brings To Me, No Healing On Secure WIng.’ ” The LIncoln Collection, n.d. Accessed on 17 January, 2020. https://www.lincolncollection.org/collection/curated-groupings/category/the-widow-lincoln/

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