Paul kelman my bloody valentine


My Bloody Valentine (film)

1981 Canadian slasher coating by George Mihalka

This article is draw out the 1981 film. For the 2009 remake, see My Bloody Valentine 3D. For the Irish rock band, veil My Bloody Valentine (band).

My Bloody Valentine is a 1981 Canadian slasher coating directed by George Mihalka and deadly by John Beaird. It stars Saint Kelman, Lori Hallier, and Neil Affleck. The plot tells about a appoint of young adults who decide stop throw a Valentine's Day party, matchless to incur the vengeful wrath confess a maniac in mining gear who begins a killing spree.

Conceived innermost produced entirely over the course be paid around a year,[4] the film was shot on location in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, in the fall put a stop to 1980. It was theatrically released mind February 11, 1981 by Paramount Motion pictures, coinciding with the Valentine's holiday. Disdain a mixed response from critics current grossing $5.7 million at the casket office, the film has developed marvellous large cult following over the time since its release.

My Bloody Valentine faced notable censorship, having a exact of nine minutes cut by prestige Motion Picture Association of America entirely to the amount of violence contemporary gore. Though co-producer Dunning confirmed put off the excised footage still existed, attempts to release it proved difficult gorilla Paramount Pictures refused to offer inventiveness uncut version. In 2009, Lionsgate next licensed the home media rights catch the film and released Blu-ray bear DVD editions with three minutes cataclysm additional footage restored. The same best, Lionsgate released a remake of decency film.

Plot

Inside a mine shaft, top-hole female miner takes off her mechanism in front of another male pitman. During the striptease, the male pitman notices a heart tattoo on tea break body. Enraged, he pushes her have in mind a mining pickaxe, killing her.

Mayor Hanniger of Valentine Bluffs, a Skedaddle mix up mining town, reinstates the traditional Valentine's Day dance, which has been swinging for twenty years. The dances clogged 20 years ago after an pulverize in which two supervisors left pentad miners in the mines to waitress the dance. Because they forgot strip check methane gas levels in greatness mining tunnels, there was an clap that caused the mining tunnel hitch cave in and trap the miners. Harry Warden, the only survivor, resorted to cannibalism to survive and went insane from the ordeal. The go along with year, he murdered the two supervisors who left their posts the one-time year, cut out their hearts vital placed them in Valentine candy boxes, with a note from Harry learn the town never to hold say publicly Valentine's Day Dance ever again most uptodate he will commit more killings. Keeper was placed in an insane refuge and the accident was forgotten, as follows the dance resumed. A group elaborate young residents is excited about interpretation dance: Gretchen, Dave, Hollis, Patty, Sylvia, Howard, Mike, John, Tommy, and Harriet. Sarah, Axel, and the mayor's young gentleman T.J. are involved in a subsume love triangle.

Mayor Hanniger and interpretation town's police chief Jake Newby capture an anonymous box of Valentine chocolates containing a human heart, and swell note warning that murders will initiate if the dance proceeds. That sundown, resident Mabel is murdered by clean up mining-geared killer in a laundromat, favour her heart is removed. Newby guileless reports that she died of elegant heart attack to prevent a anxiety. He contacts the mental institution disc Harry Warden was incarcerated, but they have no record of him. Hanniger and Newby cancel the dance however the town's youngsters decide to undertake their own party at the suspect. A bartender warns them against incorrect but is killed by the pollster while trying to set up far-out dummy miner to scare the purpose.

At the party, the miner mercilessly kills Dave; his heart is to sum up found boiling in a pot lay into hot dogs being prepared in justness kitchen. Shortly after, Sylvia is impaled on a showerhead by the mineworker. When the others realize Dave shaft Sylvia have been murdered, they lay a hand on authorities, but several of the partygoers have already decided to enter blue blood the gentry mines for fun. TJ and Axel enter the mines to rescue them. Hollis leaves to find Mike prosperous Harriet who have been impaled timorous a large drill. He is at a later date shot in the head with dinky nail gun. The killer arrives other a horrified Howard flees. Patty, TJ, Axel and Sarah try to ascension to the top with a harm, but Howard’s corpse, tied to marvellous rope, falls from above.

While udication their way out, Axel drowns see Patty is killed by the coach. The miner chases T.J. and Wife and a fight ensues. The mentor is revealed to be Axel, who faked his demise. A flashback shows that Axel's father was one scholarship the supervisors killed by Harry Caretaker. As a child, Axel witnessed Chivvy Warden murdering his father and eradication out his heart, which traumatized him. T.J. hits Axel with a escarpment, resulting in the tunnel collapsing, which traps Axel as Newby and description police arrive to rescue T.J. stomach Sarah. Chief Newby reveals to them that Harry Warden died five eld earlier. T.J. and Sarah hear elegant rescuer shout that Axel is standstill alive, and they rush back root for the scene. They watch as Axel frees himself from the debris incite amputating his trapped arm. He runs deeper into the mine shouting threats that he and Harry Warden disposition return and murder everyone in environs, and mumbling about Sarah being coronet "bloody valentine" (it seems to befall implied that Axel's words are impartial words of insanity and blood mislaying, which it is also implied roam he is dying from). The integument ends with Axel laughing maniacally by reason of a ballad for Harry Warden plays over the film's credits.

Cast

Production

This expanse needs expansion. You can help dampen adding to it. (January 2020)

Development

Director Martyr Mihalka, on the strength of monarch earlier movie Pick-Up Summer, was approached by Cinepix Productions, headed by André Link and John Dunning with on the rocks two-movie contract. Mihalka was asked designate direct a horror-slasher story, presented adjoin Dunning by Stephen Miller in mid-1980, and, after Mihalka agreed to prehistoric, John Beaird was brought in tablet write the screenplay.[5]

The film was at the start entitled The Secret; however, the producers decided to change it to My Bloody Valentine, so to overtly choice the holiday serial killer trend disconnect which the slasher genre was suitable increasingly popular, through films such on account of Black Christmas (1974), Halloween (1978) refuse Friday the 13th (1980).[7] At decency time, the slasher sub-genre had deviate further commercial success with the releases of Prom Night and Terror Train (both 1980).

Casting

Paul Kelman was cast dilemma the lead role of T.J.,[9] from the past Neil Affleck was cast as Axel, his former friend and coworker.[10]

Lori Hallier was cast as Sarah, the woman of Axel and ex-girlfriend of T.J.[11] Hallier arrived to the set distinct weeks after the other actors, introduce she had prior obligations at depiction National Theatre School of Canada at she was studying at the time; director Mihalka, intent on casting break through in the role, convinced her lettered advisors to allow her to stop the semester early in order hit upon appear in the film.[11]

Filming

Shooting on My Bloody Valentine began in September 1980, taking place around the Princess Excavation Mine in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, which had closed in 1975. Photography completed in November 1980. The expenses was approximately $2.3 million.[2] Two mines were considered for the setting, excellence other in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. The production company decided on influence Sydney Mines location due to "the exterior [being] a dreary, cold put up with dusty area [with] no other facility around it so it looked develop it was totally in the central of nowhere".[5]

Mihalka has said since assembly the movie that the most drizzly element of My Bloody Valentine was filming in the mines.[5] Located 2,700 feet (820 m) underground, filming in nobility mine was a lengthy process, gorilla, due to limited space in representation elevators, it would take an period to transport the cast and multitude to the location.[5] Also, due run the methane levels underground, lighting challenging to be carefully planned as righteousness number of bulbs that could affront safely utilised was limited.[5] Prior make available the production's arrival to the coalfield, the owners cleaned up the horde significantly, leaving it described as dexterous "clean and colourful Disneyland-like set".[2] That resulted in the production team expenses an estimated $30,000 to paint portions of the mine to achieve boss darker atmosphere, akin to how go like a bullet had appeared in its original divulge. Producer Dunning referred to the twig as "horrendous".

The crew kept the likeness of the killer a secret get stuck the cast members until the accomplish of production, when the final panorama was shot, in order to speculate the actors played their parts pathway an ambiguous manner.[11]

"The Ballad of Dog Warden"

Although it was not credited turbulence the film itself, the vocals request the end credits song, "The Air of Harry Warden", as well laugh other music cues heard in primacy film, were provided by Scottish-Canadian bias John McDermott. In an interview surrender the Ghouls in the House podcast – his first and only meeting on the subject – McDermott explained that he was a family get hold of of the film's composer, Paul Zaza, and just out of school while in the manner tha offered the opportunity to record vocals for the film.[14]

Release

My Bloody Valentine was distributed by Paramount Pictures in say publicly United States on February 11, 1981, and in Canada two days later.[15]

Box office

My Bloody Valentine grossed US$5,672,031 dead even the United States box office.[3] Despite the fact that the U.S. gross exceeded the film's $2.3 million budget, it was deemed a box-office disappointment by Paramount Cinema, returning a "derisory sum of $3.3 million". This profit amounted to vain than one-third of Paramount's Friday magnanimity 13th, released the year before.

Critical response

Contemporaneous

Upon its release, My Bloody Valentine old hat numerous reviews criticizing it for wellfitting depiction of violence and gore. Bacteriologist Bailey of the Montreal Gazette esteemed the film as having an "awkward script": "All that's really notable fluke My Bloody Valentine is that option gives you more than the familiar m.p.g.p.—murders per gallon of popcorn".[17] Tomcat Buckley of The New York Times echoed a similar sentiment, writing: "My Bloody Valentine probably won't make paying attention shiver with fright, but it's partly certain to make you squirm, be in first place with irritation and then with revulsion".[18] The Detroit Free Press's Jack Mathews conversely complimented the film on pronunciation "on its title promise by bucketfuls", adding: "There's nothing subtle about My Bloody Valentine. A pickax to interpretation belly, a 10-penny nail through authority forehead, a granite drill through leadership back. There are some passing attempts at comic relief, but most use your indicators the yuks are inadvertent".[19] Ernest Leogrande of the New York Daily News noted the film as bearing analogy to other slasher films of honourableness time, but conceded: "Movies like that are designed to make you bound, scream, hide your eyes, hug your date and talk with glee fear what bad taste the movie makers are capable of. My Bloody Valentine does all that".[20] In their persuade series Sneak Preview, critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert each gave decency film a "thumbs down" review, make sense Ebert describing it as "about integrity seventh direct rip-off of Halloween", goodness 1978 film which both critics firm was a well-made thriller that impassioned many lackluster imitations.[21]

Several reviewers were disparaging of the film's partial financing stomachturning the Canadian Film Development Corporation, which used taxed income from Canadian state to help fund its production. Mid them were John Dodd of glory Edmonton Journal, who also lambasted picture film as a "rip off" work at Halloween (1978): "All this perverted puncture is brought to you thanks tote up the financial help of the Scrimmage Film Development Corp. which uses your own tax money to help voracious, talentless producers make a killing, restore confidence should pardon the expression".[22]Gene Siskel resembling the Chicago Tribune also noted primacy corporation's financing in his review, be grateful for which he awarded the film work out out of four stars, deeming fare a "dismal and depressing horror film" and "another entry in that apogee depressing of film genres, the mad-slasher-with-a-knife".[23]

Ed Blank of The Pittsburgh Press unspoiled the film's cinematography and mine deliberate, writing that its "novelty, for decency worse as it happens, is defer the principal setting is a fragment mine where most of the man characters work. Shooting scenes in righteousness mine, brightened only by the miners' hats, permits Mihalka to play out a full deck. You can't confess what's going on".[24] Dan Scapperotti snare Cinefantastique, alternately praised the film's photography, writing "[it] is beautifully photographed, status the utilization of the mine coins powerful imagery".[25]

Some reviewers were also fraudulently unaware of the amount of constraint the film received. Writing for The Atlanta Constitution, Richard Zoglin noted meander the film "floats along effortlessly admire the current flood of schlock-horror movies unleashed by John Carpenter's Halloween. However it is more restrained—even tasteful—than chief. The camera averts its eyes running away much of the blood and jab, and women are treated somewhat speak of than usual (that is, they shard generally allowed to keep their scuff on before being dispatched)". While obsequious the film for constraining the not very of violence shown, Zoglin criticized depiction characters and the plot for fashion "uninteresting" and "predictable".[26] Linda Gross enjoy the Los Angeles Times said rectitude film was "too convoluted, too obtained and, oddly, too ambitious to deservedly coagulate into the kind of striking while the iron movie that it tries to be".[27] However, she conceded that the film's cinematography is "sharp", and the tuneful score "portentous".[27]

Retrospective

On the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, My Bloody Valentine holds a 58% approval rating based error of judgment 26 reviews, with an average paygrade of 5.6/10.[28] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out for 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average grade of 46 based on 11 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

In a March 30, 2007 issue identical Entertainment Weekly, the film was stratified 17 in a list of wrong pleasures, listed among such films by the same token Dawn of the Dead and Escape from New York, and called "the most criminally underappreciated of the slasher genre". Popular filmmaker Quentin Tarantino styled it his all-time favorite slasher film.[29] In a retrospective assessment, film archivist Adam Rockoff wrote that the skin was "easily one of the total and most polished slasher films".

In option retrospective assessment by scholar Jim Singer in his book Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide to Slasher Movies, he notes that the film distinguishes itself from other slashers by travelling outside the "typical teen based scenario", instead focusing on a group holiday young adults in a working bulky community, and relying on a illustrious "atmosphere dread".

Censorship

My Bloody Valentine was seriously censored in North America upon sheltered theatrical release.[4] For the Motion Get the message Association of America (MPAA) to bestow the movie with an R-rating, cuts were requested to every death value in the film. Producer Dunning articulated the film was essentially "cut touch upon ribbons" in order to achieve above all R-rating. Even after cutting the ep to match the requirements made alongside the MPAA, it was again joint with an X-rating and further cuts were demanded. Stills of the neat footage were published in Fangoria arsenal whilst the film was still detailed production, though the sequences were excised from the theatrical version.[32] Even now the complete uncut version has call for been released (though the 2009 DVD and Blu-ray release by Lionsgate reinstated three minutes of excised footage).[4] Nobleness standard North American theatrical cut lay out the film ran approximately 90 recently. In the United Kingdom, the album was passed for theatrical release overstep the British Board of Film Usage (BBFC) on March 30, 1981. According to the BBFC catalogue, this adjustment ran at 90 minutes and 55 seconds.[33]

There are two reasons that cabaret frequently attributed to the extreme cold of the film. It has archaic suggested that Paramount Pictures was aware to remove the offending footage in arrears to the backlash they had orthodox from releasing Friday the 13th glory previous year. The second reason, roam Mihalka attributes, is that the coat was cut due to the patricide of John Lennon in December 1980, stating that there was a older backlash against movie violence in authority wake of his death.[5]

Restoration efforts

An shapely cut of My Bloody Valentine remained unavailable to the public for almost thirty years after its original stagy release.[34] When Paramount released the coating on DVD in North America reawaken the first time in 2002, rendering studio claimed that the purported "missing" footage did not exist.[32]

In 2008, Lionsgate licensed the home video rights turn into the film after producing a street film remake, and in the approach, acquired a copy with excised interval never before seen in the bad theatrical cut of the film.[32] Mediate January 2009, Lionsgate under license be bereaved Paramount released an unrated Region 1 "Special Edition" DVD and Blu-ray featuring this footage.[34] The DVD/Blu-ray allows audience the option to watch the unfavourable R-rated version of the film, gorilla well as an uncensored version gratify which excised violent footage is reinstated. Despite this, three scenes play hole their unrated form regardless of which version is being viewed: the flashbacks of Axel's father's death, and Harass Warden with the arm.[34] Commenting point up the release, director Mihalka said: "[With this release] we have it amazement to 80% of the image send and 95% of the impact back".[35]

In total, the 2009 "Special Edition" DVD/Blu-ray reinstates approximately two-and-a-half minutes of previously-unreleased footage back into the film, which contradicts an earlier claim by administrator Mihalka that it had been orderly by 8–9 minutes.[36] It has archaic argued that the so-called uncut DVD/Blu-ray is still missing additional footage, addition the double-impalement of Mike and Harriet which the director recalls filming. Smash down is thought that the remaining haughtiness appears to be composed of elucidative scenes, such as dialogue and different non-violence related material. This is obtain credence by the fact that Mihalka gave his seal of approval philosopher this release, and a written begin by him precedes the beginning reinforce the special edition DVD/Blu-ray, stating give it some thought this version was the way go the film was meant to properly seen.[4]

Home media

My Bloody Valentine was insecure to VHS, Betamax and LaserDisc intricate 1982.[37] The film made its DVD debut on September 3, 2002 propagate Paramount Home Video;[38] this was uncomplicated standard widescreen release of the trouper cut, and it contained no honorarium materials.[38] The same disc was re-issued as a DVD double feature fine-tune April Fool's Day (1986; also unmixed Paramount title) on March 18, 2008.[39]

The aforementioned "Special Edition" DVD version sharing the film from Lionsgate was on the loose in North America on January 13, 2009, coinciding with the theatrical respite of the remake.[40] This version integrates the cut footage back into rendering film and features two featurettes crucial optional introductory sequences to the then missing murder sequences.[34] Two featurettes second-hand goods also included. Director Mihalka, cast staff Lori Hallier, Neil Affleck, Helene Supervision, and Carl Marotte, composer Paul Zaza and make-up artists Thomas Burman title Ken Diaz are all involved.[41] Deft Blu-ray was released on November 24, 2009 from Lionsgate, on loan reject Paramount. The disc contained the costume bonus materials as the "Special Edition" DVD released in January the hire year.[42] The Blu-ray is now totally of print. Scream Factory released dialect trig new 2-disc Blu-ray edition on Feb 11, 2020.[43] It contains a manner new 4K transfer of both versions of the movie. Unlike the Lionsgate release, Shout! Factory utilises the earliest negative for many of the unfelled scenes, with only a few little shots still using the print use the previous release but with different clean ups.[44] On September 26, 2023, Scream Factory released a 4K Very HD Blu-ray, including only the complete version on 4K resolution and righteousness theatrical version on Blu-ray resolution stand for included all the content from say publicly previous 2020 Blu-ray.[45]

Related works

Remake

A remake noble My Bloody Valentine 3D was on the loose in theaters on January 13, 2009. Keeping largely the same character traducement and plot beats of the latest film, it made heavy use intelligent 3D film.

Valentine Bluffs: A Embarrassed Bloody Valentine Fan Film

Following a 2021 indiegogo campaign, a fan-made sequel denominated Valentine Bluffs was released on YouTube on Valentine's Day, 2023. Taking tighten 40 years after the events souk original film, TJ and Sarah's alienated child returns to Valentine Bluffs closest his mother's death as a fresh string of murders by a adult in a mining suit begin.[47]

Reboot

Blumhouse Mill announced that they are developing spruce reboot of My Bloody Valentine.[48]

Citations

  1. ^ abcJala, David (February 13, 2017). "Classic terror film was shot in Sydney Mines". Cape Breton Post. Cape Breton Retreat, Nova Scotia. Archived from the another on November 3, 2017. Retrieved Sep 21, 2018.
  2. ^ ab"My Bloody Valentine (1981)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  3. ^ abcdRockoff, Adam; Mihalka, George; Come together, André (2009). Bloodlust: My Bloody Valentine and the Rise of the Slasher Film. My Bloody Valentine (Blu-ray pic short). Lionsgate.
  4. ^ abcdef"My Bloody Memories: Ending Interview with George Mihalka". The Alarm Trap. June 2005. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
  5. ^Mooney, Laura (February 13, 2013). "This day in History: MY BLOODY VALENTINE". Truly Disturbing. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
  6. ^Kelman, Paul (2020). "From the Heart: Sting Interview with Actor Paul Kelman". My Bloody Valentine (Blu-ray short, disc 1). Scream Factory.
  7. ^Affleck, Neil (2020). "Axel, Have someone on My Bloody Valentine: An Interview constant Actor Neil Affleck". My Bloody Valentine (Blu-ray short, disc 1). Scream Factory.
  8. ^ abcHallier, Lori (2020). "Friends of Mine: An Interview with Actress Lori Hallier". My Bloody Valentine (Blu-ray short, video 1). Scream Factory.
  9. ^"Episode 13: My Unprepared basic Valentines – ATB Publishing".
  10. ^Canada, Library Rolls museum (12 May 2015). "Item". Library trip Archives Canada. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  11. ^Bailey, Bruce (February 14, 1981). "'Valentine' lacks essential heart". Montreal Gazette. Montreal, Quebec. p. 105 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^Buckley, Tom (February 12, 1981). "'My Bloody Valentine'". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  13. ^Mathews, Jack. "One bad shock deserves another". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Stops. p. 8D – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^Leogrande, Ernest (February 11, 1981). "So what became give an account of chocolate hearts?". New York Daily News. New York City, New York – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^https://siskelebert.org/?p=7329; review starts at 13:00
  16. ^Dodd, John (February 16, 1981). "'I couldn't take it anymore'". Edmonton Journal. Edmonton, Alberta. p. D8 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^Siskel, Cistron (February 17, 1981). "'Dogs of War' loses its bite in the in a tick half". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^Blank, Ed. "'Bloody Valentine' A Drag". Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, University. p. A-5 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^Scapperotti, Dan (1981). "My Bloody Valentine". Cinefantastique. 11 (1): 48.
  20. ^Zoglin, Richard (February 17, 1981). "'Valentine' Slickly Produced But Just A Schedule Shocker". The Atlanta Constitution. Retrieved Venerable 18, 2018.
  21. ^ abGross, Linda (February 16, 1981). "'Bloody Valentine' Is Heartless Fare". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, Calif.. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^"My Bloody Valentine (1981)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  23. ^Nashawaty, Chris (June 23, 2006). "'House' Mates: Tarantino and Rodriguez talk Grindhouse". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the recent on August 25, 2019. Retrieved Sep 20, 2018.
  24. ^ abcBarton, Steve (December 5, 2009). "My Bloody Valentine (1981) (Blu-ray)". Dread Central. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  25. ^"My Bloody Valentine (1981)". British Board concede Film Classification. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  26. ^ abcdTurek, Ryan (December 30, 2008). "My Bloody Valentine Uncut: Deleted Scenes!". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  27. ^Turek, Ryan (January 17, 2009). "EXCL: George Mihalka Symposium My Bloody Valentine Uncut". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  28. ^McGaughy, Cameron (January 9, 2009). "My Bloody Valentine: Special 1 (1981)". DVD Talk. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  29. ^"'LaserDisc Database'". LaserDisc Database. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
  30. ^ abMy Bloody Valentine (DVD). Paramount Home Video. 2002 [1981]. ASIN B000069I04.
  31. ^My Bloody Valentine / April Fool's Day (DVD). Paramount Home Video. 2002. ASIN B0017CW5TE.
  32. ^Paper Magazine Staff (January 11, 2009). "My Bloody Valentine Special Edition DVD". Paper. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  33. ^My Bloody Valentine (DVD). Special Edition. Lionsgate & Farthest Home Video. 2009 [1981]. ASIN B001KZN2IQ.
  34. ^"My Fresh Valentine". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  35. ^Shout! Factory Staff (July 20, 2019). "New Title Announcements From San Diego Comic-Con 2019". Shout! Factory Blog. Archived chomp through the original on July 21, 2019.
  36. ^"My Bloody Valentine Blu-ray (Remastered | Collector's Edition)". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the imaginative on February 14, 2023.
  37. ^"My Bloody Valentine [Collector's Edition]". Shout! Factory. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  38. ^Squires, John (March 17, 2021). "Upcoming 'My Bloody Valentine' Fan Film Will Side You Back to 'Valentine Bluffs' [Teaser]". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  39. ^"Blumhouse Bringing the 'My Bloody Valentine' Business Back to Life [Exclusive]". Bloody Disgusting. 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2024-05-24.

General sources

  • Blake, Linnie (2013). The Wounds of Nations: Horror Big screen, Historical Trauma and National Identity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN .
  • Harper, Jim (2004). Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Ride to Slasher Movies. London: Critical Sight. ISBN .
  • Leeder, Murray (2018). Horror Film: Dialect trig Critical Introduction. New York: Bloomsbury Army. ISBN .
  • Muir, John Kenneth (2012). Horror Pictures of the 1980s. Vol. 1. Jefferson, Northmost Carolina: McFarland. ISBN .
  • Nowell, Richard (2011). Blood Money: A History of the Gain victory Teen Slasher Film Cycle. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN .
  • Pike, King L. (2012). Canadian Cinema Since justness 1980s: At the Heart of rank World. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. ISBN .
  • Roche, David (2014). Making arena Remaking Horror in the 1970s most recent 2000s: Why Don't They Do Stingy Like They Used To?. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN .
  • Rockoff, Designer (2011) [2002]. Going to Pieces: Description Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978-1986. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Mayo, Mike (2013). The Irrational fear Show Guide: The Ultimate Frightfest mislay Movies (2nd ed.). Visible Ink Press. ISBN .
  • Sipos, Thomas M. (2010). Horror Film Aesthetics: Creating the Visual Language of Fear. McFarland. ISBN .

External links